Learning Theories

Question 1

what is the definition of learning

Answer 1

relatively permanent change in mental processing, emotional functioning, skill and/or behavior as a result of experience

Question 2

what are the three domains of learning

Answer 2

cognitive, affective, and psychomotor

Question 3

what is the definition of learning theory

Answer 3

framework of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain or predict how people learn

Question 4

what is the psychological learning theory

Answer 4

helpful investigating situations involving thought, emotion and social interaction

Question 5

what is the motor learning theory

Answer 5

aids in promoting effective learning of a skill or task

Question 6

what are the 5 learning theories

Answer 6

behaviorist, cognitive, social, psychodynamic, and humanistic

Question 7

characteristics of behaviorist learning theory

Answer 7

observe responses and then manipulate the environment to bring about intended change, learner is passive, motivated to respond by drive reduction, and educator must take an extremely active role

Question 8

what is respondent conditioning

Answer 8

emphasizes the importance of stimulus conditions and associations formed during learning

Question 9

what is operant conditioning

Answer 9

focuses on the behavior exhibited then the reinforcement that occurs after the response

Question 10

operant conditioning involves what

Answer 10

escaping condition and avoidance conditioning

Question 11

what does respondent conditioning involve

Answer 11

systematic desnsitization, stimulus generalization, discrimination learning, and spontaneous recovery

Question 12

can respondent conditioning occur without conscious thought or awareness

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

how is systematic desensitization used to reduce fear and anxiety

Answer 13

1 relaxation techniques taught
2 fear stimulus introduced at a nonthreatening level
3 no anxiety

Question 14

what is stimulus generalization

Answer 14

a previously unassociated, or new, stimulus that has similar characteristics elicits a response that is the same

Question 15

what is discrimination learning

Answer 15

the ability to differentiate between similar stimuli in complex situations

Question 16

what is spontaneous recovery

Answer 16

reemergence of a response that was previously conditioned, but the conditioned response is not forgotten

Question 17

what is operant conditioning

Answer 17

based on the fundamental idea that the behaviors that are reinforce will continue and the behaviors that are punished will eventually end

Question 18

how do you increase a response in operant conditioning (5)

Answer 18

1 positive reinforcement
2 reward conditioning
3 negative reinforcement
4 escape conditioning
5 avoidance conditioning

Question 19

how do you decrease a response in operant conditioning (2)

Answer 19

1 non-reinforcement

2 punishment

Question 20

cognitive learning theory characteristics

Answer 20

interested in how people learn/understand material, teacher is active to structure learning experience and encourage thought, reward is not necessary, learner is motivated by goals

Question 21

what is the Gestalt perspective

Answer 21

psychological organization is directed toward simplicity, equilibrium, and regularity and perception is selective

Question 22

what is information processing

Answer 22

emphasizes the thinking process and useful

Question 23

what are the stages of cognitive learning theory (4)

Answer 23

1 attention to environmental stimuli
2 processing of the information by the senses
3 memory storage
4 action or response that the individual makes on the basis of how info was processed and stored

Question 24

how can you improve acquisition and recall of knowledge with information processing (4)

Answer 24

1 how do they believe they learn best
2 ask them to describe what they are thinking as they learn
3 evaluate the learner’s mistakes
4 give close attention to their inability to remember or demonstrate info

Question 25

what does cognitive development focus on

Answer 25

qualitative changes in perceiving thinking and reasoning as individuals grow and mature

Question 26

what are the 4 stages of learning across the lifespan

Answer 26

1 sensorimotor
2 preoperational
3 concrete operations
4 formal operations

Question 27

social learning theory characteristics

Answer 27

learner is viewed as central and active to the process, considerable learning occurs by taking note of other people, learning is a social process

Question 28

what are the types of social learning

Answer 28

role modeling and vicarious reinforcemnet

Question 29

what is role modeling

Answer 29

learning by taking note of others behavior and what happens to them

Question 30

what is vicarious reinforcement

Answer 30

determining whether role models are perceived as rewarded or punished for their behavior

Question 31

what does the psychodynamic learning theory stress

Answer 31

emotions

Question 32

psychodynamic learning theory characteristics

Answer 32

active learner who sets tone and reflective educator who listens and poses questions

Question 33

humanistic learning theory characteristics

Answer 33

motivation is derived from each persons needs, subjective feelings about self and the desire to grow, listening is key, active learner chooses what is to be learned, emphasizes the therapeutic relationship

Question 34

what is maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 34

determine the basic needs of the patient