Learning theories Flashcards
What is the operant conditioning theory
Theory claims
We learn through manipulation of behaviour towards a stimulus
Involves the learner forming stimulus-response (S-R) bond
TRIAL AND ERROR
MODIFICATION OF BEHAVIOUR
USE REINFORCEMENT TO STRENGTHEN THE S-R BOND
Using positive- after successful response- teacher present a satisfier
Use negative reinforcement- use an annoyer that weakens the incorrect learning bond
Pratical example of learning a skill using operant conditioning
Net shots in badminton
hand fed shuttle to learner (manipulate environment)
learner attempts a few shots (trial and error)
positive reinforcement enforced correct response
What is partial reinforcment
Reward given after a number of correct responses, learning takes longer but lasts longer
What is complete reinforcement
Learning is faster if a reward is given on every occasian
What is punishment
involves giving an unpleseant stimulus to a performer to prevemnt a response from occuring
What are the THORDIKES LAWS
LAW OF EXERCISE
LAW OF EFFECT
LAW OF READINESS
What is the law of exercise
repeating or rehearsing the S-R connections is more liley to strengthen them
If the desired responses occurs, reinforcement is neccessary
What is the law of effect
is the response is followed by a ‘satisfier ‘ the S-R bond is strenghthend and an ‘annoyer’ the S-R bond is weakend
What is the law of readiness
The performer must be able to complete the task both physically and mentally
What is the coginitive learning theory by gestailists
Theory concerned with thinking and understanding
Learning is best achieved by presenting the whole skill to the learner in context of a realistic situation
This develops the performers understandinbg of what the skill is and why they are doing it
Intervening variables are variables/ influences that are taken into account
Problem-solving involving memory
Previous experiences are used to help solve new problems
Pracical example of learning a skill using cognitive learning
Give children lots of sporting ex-perience to allow them to develop problem solving and decision making in sports
Skills learned as a whole
What is the soical learning/ learning observational theory
Bandura
Involves a copying a demonstation of a moter skill
Personality and associated behaviour are determned by the situation or social envirojment rather then a series of traits
Pracitical example of social learning theory
Watching tv
Watching demonstrations
Tutorial videos
What are BANDURA four process of observational learning theory
Attention
Retention
Motor reproduction
Motiviation
Why is attention important for observational theory
learner must focus directly onto demonstration and focus on cues
Amount of attention depend on percieved attractivness of the model
The observer attention span and their incentives are important
Why is retention important for observation learning theory
Observer must be able to remember the model that presented
mental rehearsal can be used to create rental image
Why is motor reproduction important observational learning theory
Must be physcially or psych able
