Learning Theories Flashcards
What is evidence based teaching?
Theory informs practice/practice informs theory. T
Why do we use theories?
Explains phenomena/principles, answers questions/solve problems, helps to make sense of what’s observed/relationship between phenomena, framework for teaching/learning, and framework for reflection on beliefs/values
What is behaviourist learning theory?
Behaviourism defines learning as- observable behavioural change that occurs in response to stimuli. Focus is on modifying the environment with the view that if you change the stimulus then you can change the response.
Your environment determines learning, and learning is evident in behaviour that’s directly observable
Systematic desensitization, stimulus generalization, and operant conditioning?
SD- desensitization of responses, decreases fear/anxiety
SG- generalizing a response in multiple conditions
OC- reinforcement to achieve a specific outcome
What is cognitive learning theory?
Pays attention to importance of what goes on inside the learner/how the learner processes information. Key is on cognition (perception, thoughts, memory, process info). CLT says that past experiences/ways of thinking affect learning. They say learning is self directed, reward is not required for learning to occur, and educators realize social conditions for learning have an impact
What are the 6 cognitive learning theories?
Gestalt, information processing, cognitive development, social learning theory, social constructivism, and social cognition
What is gestalt therapy?
Highlights the importance of perception in learning. Says each person perceives/interprets/responds to learning in their own way. Some people pay attention to certain info while screening out other info (perception is selective). Perception is influenced by how an event is structured
What is information processing? (4 steps)
- We acquire info through sensory stimuli (attention),
- We process information by generalization/concept formation/providing meaning (processing)
- We then transform/incorporate info (memory storage).
- Action- how someone responds based on what they learned/how it was processed or stored
Short term vs long term memory?
STM- limited capacity (5-9 pieces of info, 30 seconds unless further rehearsed), when actively used its known as working memory
LTM- large capacity, only through elaborate rehearsal are things put into LTM (testing, repetition, reorganization, associations and practice)
What is cognitive development?
Says that the age/stage in life were in affects learning outcomes. Learning is a developmental/sequential/active process. Includes Piaget’s stages of cognitive development (sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational)
What is andragogy?
Principles of adult learning. Says that adults need to be involved in planning/evaluating their instruction. Adults are most interested in learning subjects that are relevant to their jobs/personal life. Adult learning in problem centred
What is social learning theory? and 4 steps of social learning
Says we learn a lot through role modelling/not direct experiences. Our interal processes direct social learning:
- Attentional phase- witness role modeling behaviour
- Rentenion phase- storage/retrieval of what was observed
- Reproduction phase- learner doing the behaviour
- Motivational phase- Whether learner repeats the behaviour
What is social constructivism?
Views ethnicity/social class/gender/family life/like hx/learning situations as influential to the individual. Says learning occurs through social interaction, collaboration, and negotiation. Draws on gestalt/developmental psychology
What is social cognition?
Focuses on influence of social factors on perception/thought/motivation. Educators must consider the influence that social environments and groups have on learning behaviour
Some critiques of cognitive theory?
Hard to know what’s going on inside someone’s mind and educators are responsible to teach individuals to learn how to learn
What is psychodynamic learning theory?
Theory of motivation/how motivation affects learners. Says unconscious and conscious forces drive learner behaviour. Our job is to get people thinking about their thinking that drives their behaviour
What is the humanistic learning theory?
Views individuals as unique with desire to learn/grow. Motivation is derived from person’s needs/perspectives/feelings of self. Learner is self directed (educator is listener, provides resources). Self concept/self esteem are importantly considerations of learning process
Critiques of humanistic theory?
Creates learners who struggle to take feedback, can make learner/educator uncomfortable, burden of thinking for themselves in healthcare settings
What is neuropsychology and learning?
Study of psychological behaviour as it r/t the brain/CNS. Key points- meaningful practice strengthens learning, stress can interfere with learning, and brain processing is unique
Right left whole brain thinking?
Left hemisphere- vocal and analytic
Right hemisphere- emotional, visual, spatial, non-verbal
Learners use both sides of brain to learn
Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument classification according to thinking preferences? 4 different quads
- Quadrant A (left brain, cerebral)- logical, analytic, quantitative, factual, critical
- Quad B (left brain, limbic)- sequential, planned, detailed, structured
- Quad C (right brain, limbic)- emotional, interpersonal, sensory, kinesthetic, symbolic
- Quad D (right brain, cerebral)- visual, holistic, innovative
What is VARK?
Focuses on person’s preference of receiving/using information. It’s a starting place for conversation between teacher/learner.
What does VARK stand for and definitions?
V- visual learners- learn by looking/more engaged when presented with diagrams, charts, and graphs
A- aural learners- learn by listening to info that’s shared with them verbally or self talk
R- read/write learners- learn by reading written info/writing out information themselves
K- kinesthetic learners- learn best by being hands on/doing or touching in the classroom
What does LEARNS model stand for?
L- listen to client needs
E- establish therapeutic partner relationships
A- adopt intentional approach to every learning encounter
R- reinforce health literacy
N- name new knowledge via teach back
S- strengthen self management via links to community resources
Jungs and Meyer-Briggs learning styles?
Carl Jung developed theory of psychological types designed to categorize people in terms of personality patterns (extroversion vs introversion, sensation vs intuition, thinking vs feeling, judging vs perceiving). This theory was developed into Meyer-Briggs Type indicator
What learning theory assume the learner is passive and reacts to environment?
Behaviourist
