Learning: Other Learning

Question 1

observational learning (also called social learning)

Answer 1

learning without direct experience, by watching and imitating others

Question 2

prosocial behaviors

Answer 2

positive, helpful

Question 3

Antisocial Behaviors

Answer 3

Negative and unhelpful

Question 4

preparedness

Answer 4

a biological predisposition to learn associations, such as between taste and nausea, that have survival value.

Question 5

instinctive drift

Answer 5

the tendency of learned behavior to gradually revert to biologically predisposed patterns.

Question 6

cognitive map

Answer 6

a mental representation of the layout of one’s environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it.

Question 7

latent learning

Answer 7

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

Question 8

modeling

Answer 8

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Question 9

mirror neurons

Answer 9

frontal lobe neurons that some scientists believe fire when we perform certain actions or observe another doing so. The brain’s mirroring of another’s action may enable imitation and empathy.