Learning + Memory / Conditioning Flashcards
UCS (unconditioned stimulus) leads to
UCR
NS stands for
Neutral Stimulus
Something that happens without any learning is called _____.
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
NS + UCS leads to
CS (the NS becomes the CS)
CS leads to
CR
Elimination of conditioned response is referred to as ________
Extinction
Conditioned responses reignited much faster after a period of extinction is called ________
Spontaneous Recovery
Associating things that are similar to the conditioned stimulus which then trigger the conditioned response just like the CS is called ________
Generalization
An ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and other, similar stimuli that don’t signal an unconditioned stimulus is referred to as ________
Discrimination
T or F?
Biology makes a difference in classical conditioning.
True
Fear of an animal vs an inanimate object
Unfamiliar taste followed by delayed illness results in:
avoidance
Familiar taste & unfamiliar shape followed by delayed illness results in:
no avoidance
Behaviors are selected by their consequences. Behaviors that have good consequences are repeated. Behaviors that have bad consequences are not repeated.
Thorndike’s Law of effect
The Dangers of Punishment
- Reinforcing to the punisher
- Generalized inhibiting effect
- We dislike the punisher
What about teaching?
- The criticism trap
- The use of aversives
- B. F. Skinner’s view: Positively reinforce desired behaviors; punishment last resort.
B. F. Skinner’s view on reinforcement/punishment
Positively reinforce desired behaviors; punishment last resort.
T or F?
physical discipline was positively related to externalizing behaviors for white children, but not black children
True
Why?
Warmth might be a protective factor
Lower SES: use more ____ discipline strategies.
harsh
T or F?
Higher SES: more restrictive and controlling in their parenting behavior.
False
Higher SES: LESS restrictive and controlling in their parenting behavior.
Higher SES: more likely to emphasize ____ & ____
independence and achievement.
A variant of operant conditioning. Instead of waiting for a subject to exhibit a desired behavior, any behavior leading to the target behavior is rewarded.
Shaping
In operant conditioning, ________ refers to responding only to the specific stimulus and not to similar stimuli.
discrimination
Stimulus ________ in classical conditioning refers to the capacity of a stimulus other than the conditioned stimulus to evoke a CR.
generalization
In operant conditioning, stimulus ________ explains how we can learn something in one situation and apply it to other similar situations.
generalization
Extinguished response reappears after a period of non-exposure to CS
Spontaneous Recovery