Ch 1 - Lifespan Perspective Flashcards
Development
Pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through life span.
The scientific study of how people change and stay the same over time.
T or F: Development is contextual
True
Normative age-graded influences
Developmental influences shared by a particular age group
Normative history-graded influences
Developmental influences shared by a specific generation
Nonnormative life events
Developmental influences unique to the individual
What are 2 types of changes in Human development
Quantatative & Qualatative
Examples of quantatative development
weight & height, # of words spoken
Examples of qualatative development
moving from a beginning reader to an emergent reader to a full reader
Continuity
Gradual, cumulative change or development
Discontinuity
Distinct stages of development
Jean Piaget
Cognitive development with children.
Taught us how children learn.
Sigmund Freud
Jewish Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychiatry
Erik Erikson
Psychosocial theory of development.
Theory of identity
Albert Bandura
Studied observational learning or modeling.
Theories extended to vicarious viewing of aggressive behavior.
B.F. Skinner
Invented the operant conditioning chamber.
Behaviorism.
Ivan Pavlov
Russian physiologist, psychologist, and physician.
Classical conditioning theory.
Mary Whiton Calkins
(Allowed to be a “guest” at Harvard instead of a student.
First woman president of the APA)
Karen Horney
Research included Psychoanalysis, personality theory, and feminist psychology.
Anna Freud
Pioneer in the psychoanalysis of children.
Founded & directed a clinic for child therapy.
David Wechsler
Developed two well-known intelligence tests: WAIS & WISC.
Used for differential diagnosis as well as measuring a broad range of psychological functioning.
John Bowlby
Physician & Psychoanalyst at the University of Cambridge.
Developed attachment theory.
Lawrence Kohlberg
development of moral reasoning in children and adolescents.
Harry F. Harlow
Examined attachment behaviors in rhesus monkeys.
Drew conclusions about maternal bonding and deprivation.
Important developments in the area of child psychology
Melanie Klein
Austrian Psychologist who first created play therapy)
Francis Sumner
First African American to receive and earn doctorate in any American University.
Published widely in experimental and non-experimental psychology.
Kenneth Eliza Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark
Married team conducted research into children’s attitudes towards race
Founded the Northside Center for Child Development in Harlem
Expert witness in Briggs v. Elliot which led into Brown v. Board of Education (1954) (landmark case making separate education of blacks and whites illegal).
Kenneth Clark was a professor at City College of New York and the first Black President of the APA.
John Garcia
Latino Psychologist
Known for research on taste aversion (behavioral)
Survival mechanism to help us avoid food that might be poisonous!
Carlos Albizu Miranda
Puerto Rican Psychologist
One of the first Hispanics to earn a Ph. D. in Psychology in the United States in 1953 (Clinical from Purdue University).
Recognized the lack of Psychologists in Puerto Rico and promoted sensitivity to the needs of Hispanic clients.
Lev Vygotsky
Institute of Psychology in Moscow
Expanded cognitive development reflecting the roles of historical, cultural and social factors in cognition.
Margaret Floy Washburn
First woman ever to receive a doctorate in psychology and presidency of the American Psychological Association.
Known primarily for her work in animal psychology.
Mary D. Ainsworth
Famous for her early work on emotional attachment in children.
Developed the strange situation – a procedure for evaluating an infant’s attachment style.
Karl Lorenz
Ethological Theory :
Behavior is strongly influenced by biology.
Behavior is tied to evolution.
Behavior is characterized by critical or sensitive
periods.
Imprinting.
Critical or sensitive periods of development.
