Ch 1 - Lifespan Perspective

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

Pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through life span.
The scientific study of how people change and stay the same over time.

Question 2

T or F: Development is contextual

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Normative age-graded influences

Answer 3

Developmental influences shared by a particular age group

Question 4

Normative history-graded influences

Answer 4

Developmental influences shared by a specific generation

Question 5

Nonnormative life events

Answer 5

Developmental influences unique to the individual

Question 6

What are 2 types of changes in Human development

Answer 6

Quantatative & Qualatative

Question 7

Examples of quantatative development

Answer 7

weight & height, # of words spoken

Question 8

Examples of qualatative development

Answer 8

moving from a beginning reader to an emergent reader to a full reader

Question 9

Continuity

Answer 9

Gradual, cumulative change or development

Question 10

Discontinuity

Answer 10

Distinct stages of development

Question 11

Jean Piaget

Answer 11

Cognitive development with children.

Taught us how children learn.

Question 12

Sigmund Freud

Answer 12

Jewish Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychiatry

Question 13

Erik Erikson

Answer 13

Psychosocial theory of development.

Theory of identity

Question 14

Albert Bandura

Answer 14

Studied observational learning or modeling.

Theories extended to vicarious viewing of aggressive behavior.

Question 15

B.F. Skinner

Answer 15

Invented the operant conditioning chamber.

Behaviorism.

Question 16

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 16

Russian physiologist, psychologist, and physician.

Classical conditioning theory.

Question 17

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 17

(Allowed to be a “guest” at Harvard instead of a student.

First woman president of the APA)

Question 18

Karen Horney

Answer 18

Research included Psychoanalysis, personality theory, and feminist psychology.

Question 19

Anna Freud

Answer 19

Pioneer in the psychoanalysis of children.

Founded & directed a clinic for child therapy.

Question 20

David Wechsler

Answer 20

Developed two well-known intelligence tests: WAIS & WISC.

Used for differential diagnosis as well as measuring a broad range of psychological functioning.

Question 21

John Bowlby

Answer 21

Physician & Psychoanalyst at the University of Cambridge.

Developed attachment theory.

Question 22

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 22

development of moral reasoning in children and adolescents.

Question 23

Harry F. Harlow

Answer 23

Examined attachment behaviors in rhesus monkeys.
Drew conclusions about maternal bonding and deprivation.
Important developments in the area of child psychology

Question 24

Melanie Klein

Answer 24

Austrian Psychologist who first created play therapy)

Question 25

Francis Sumner

Answer 25

First African American to receive and earn doctorate in any American University.
Published widely in experimental and non-experimental psychology.

Question 26

Kenneth Eliza Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark

Answer 26

Married team conducted research into children’s attitudes towards race
Founded the Northside Center for Child Development in Harlem
Expert witness in Briggs v. Elliot which led into Brown v. Board of Education (1954) (landmark case making separate education of blacks and whites illegal).
Kenneth Clark was a professor at City College of New York and the first Black President of the APA.

Question 27

John Garcia

Answer 27

Latino Psychologist
Known for research on taste aversion (behavioral)
Survival mechanism to help us avoid food that might be poisonous!

Question 28

Carlos Albizu Miranda

Answer 28

Puerto Rican Psychologist
One of the first Hispanics to earn a Ph. D. in Psychology in the United States in 1953 (Clinical from Purdue University).
Recognized the lack of Psychologists in Puerto Rico and promoted sensitivity to the needs of Hispanic clients.

Question 29

Lev Vygotsky

Answer 29

Institute of Psychology in Moscow

Expanded cognitive development reflecting the roles of historical, cultural and social factors in cognition.

Question 30

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 30

First woman ever to receive a doctorate in psychology and presidency of the American Psychological Association.
Known primarily for her work in animal psychology.

Question 31

Mary D. Ainsworth

Answer 31

Famous for her early work on emotional attachment in children.
Developed the strange situation – a procedure for evaluating an infant’s attachment style.

Question 32

Karl Lorenz

Answer 32

Ethological Theory :

Behavior is strongly influenced by biology.
Behavior is tied to evolution.
Behavior is characterized by critical or sensitive
periods.
Imprinting.
Critical or sensitive periods of development.