Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exam - M - Psychiatry (Meg) > Learning Disabilities > Flashcards

Learning Disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ICD 10 definition of intellectual disability?

A

A condition of arrested/incomplete development of the mind

characterised by impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to the overall level of intelligence - cognitive language, motor and social abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is the ICD 10 definition of intellectual disability?

A

A condition of arrested/incomplete development of the mind

characterised by impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to the overall level of intelligence - cognitive language, motor and social abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the intellectual disability criteria?

A
  1. IQ < 79
  2. Social or adaptive dysfunction (deficits in 2 or more skills)
  3. Onset in the developmental period (before 18yrs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What IQ test is used?

A

Wechsler Adult intelligence scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the social or adaptive dysfunction measured?

A

Vineland adaptive behaviour scale - by questioning someone who knows the patient very well.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the social or adaptive skills questioned?

A 
Communication
Self care
Home living
Social skills
Community use
Self-direction
Health and safe
Functional academics
Leisure and work

(need to have impairments in 2 or more).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is it called if someone acquires disability AFTER they are 18?

A

Acquired head injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the relationship between intellectual disability and mortality?

A

The more severe the intellectual disability - the higher the mortality rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the relationship between intellectual disability and mortality?

A

The more severe the intellectual disability - the higher the mortality rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do you need to remember about the IQ test?

A

If someone has an IQ <70 but does not meet the rest of the criteria, they do NOT have intellectual disability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many people have an IQ of <70?

A

Should be 2.5%

Is actually 1-2% - because of mortality differences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the mean IQ and standard deviation?

A

Mean = 100

Standard deviation = +/- 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the criteria for a mild intellectual disability? IQ and functional age?

A

IQ = 50-69
OR
Functional age = 9-12yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the criteria for moderate intellectual disability?

A

IQ= 35-49
OR
Functional age- 6-9yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the criteria for severe intellectual disability?

A

IQ= 20-34
OR
Functional age= 3-6yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the criteria for profound intellectual disability?

A

IQ= <20
OR
Functional age <3yrs

15
Q

How is the diagnosis between severe and profound intellectual disability judged?

A

Using clinical judgement. Because an IQ < 40 is very unreliable.

16
Q

How would someone with a mild intellectual disability present?

A

Live alone to some extent
Problems identifying risk and managing difficult situations
Vulnerable to people who might want to exploit them

17
Q

How might someone with a moderate intellectual disability present?

A

Obvious adaptive functioning difficulties
Some difficulties wit language communication BUT very good at expression communication
Require help with food, going to activities and making sure they are ready.

18
Q

How might someone with a severe intellectual disability present?

A

Require a big amount of day to day help.
Struggle to do anything themselves
**Difficulties in communication is a key feature.

19
Q

What are the main inherited causes of intellectual disability?

A

Fragile X syndrome
DiGeorge syndrome
Prader-Willi
Downs syndrome

20
Q

Which genetic/inherited cause of intellectual disabilities is most common?

A

Downs syndrome

21
Q

What psychiatric disorder does DiGeorge syndrome commonly cause?

A

Schizophrenia

22
Q

What are the acquired causes of intellectual disability?

A 
MOST - Idiopathic 
Rubella
Zika virus
Hypoxic brain injury during birth (cerebral palsy)
Brain injury during childhood 
Foetal alcohol syndrome
23
Q

What percentage of intellectual disability is idiopathic?

A

70%

24
Q

Which medication if used by mothers during pregnancy are associated with a lower IQ and disability?

A

Sodium valproate.

25
Q

What is one of the most common causes of death in people WITHOUT intellectual disability?

A

Cardiovascular problems

26
Q

What is one of the most common causes of death in people WITH intellectual disabilities?

A

Respiratory - NOT smoking, often aspiration pneumonia.

27
Q

Which medical conditions are associated with intellectual disability?

A

Epilepsy
Sensory impairment
Obesity
GI (reflux, constipation, H. pylori, swallowing problems)
Respiratory (chest infections, aspiration pneumonia)
Cerebral palsy (especially in severe intellectual disability)
Orthopaedic problems (joint contractures, osteoporosis)
Dermatology and dental problems

28
Q

What is the percentage of people with intellectual disabilities that have hearing impairments?

A

40%

29
Q

What is the percentage of people with intellectual disability that have vision impairments?

A

20%

30
Q

What is the association between intellectual disability and psychiatric problems?

A

The more severe the intellectual disability - the higher the chance of a psychiatric disorder developing.

31
Q

How do people with intellectual difficulties present with a psychiatric problem?

A

Mild ID - normal psychiatric presentation

Moderate/Severe - Very different to normal psychiatric presentation

eg - less complex delusions

32
Q

What percentage of the population WITHOUT an intellectual difficulty has schizophrenia/psychosis?

A

1%

33
Q

What percentage of the population WITH an intellectual difficulty has schizophrenia/psychosis?

A

3%

34
Q

How are people with intellectual difficulties likely to present if they have a mood disorder?

A

Change in behaviour rather than report in a change in mood.

35
Q

What is the correlation between intellectual difficulties and autism?

A

50% of people with autism also have an intellectual disorder.

36
Q

What is diagnostic overshadowing?

A

For example - when you diagnose someone with poor behaviour being due to their intellectual disability but they are actually acting out because theres something wrong with them (like lack of support, change in carers).

Exam - M - Psychiatry (Meg) (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions