Learning Behavior

Question 1

Behavioral contrast

Answer 1

When two behaviors are equally reinforced, and one is no longer reinforced, the latter will decrease in frequency while the reinforced one will increase in frequency.

Question 2

Operant strength

Answer 2

Rate of response during the acquisition and extinction trials

Question 3

Systematic desensitization

Wolpe

Answer 3

1) relaxation training
2) fear hierarchy
3) imagined desensitization
4) in vivo desensitization

Neurotic depression is caused by anxiety according to Wolpe.

Question 4

Depression vs anxiety behavioral responses

Answer 4

Depression due to operant extinction (no reinforcement)

Anxiety perpetuated by avoidance which due to operant negative reinforcement (avoidance)

Question 5

Learned helplessness theories and depression

Answer 5

Learned helplessness - Tendency to give up effort to control events in the environment

Attributional reformulation later urged that depression occurs when a person makes internal stable and global attributions for negative events.
Alloy, Abramson, Metalsky revised model to say attributions only important when they are associated with hopelessness.