Culture

Question 1

Worldview

Answer 1

How a person perceives their relationship to nature, people and institutions

Determined by
Locus of control
Locus of responsibility

Question 2

Emic vs Etic

Answer 2

Emic- culture-specific theories, concepts, research

Etic- general approach- views people from different cultures as the same

Traditional psychological approaches are ETIC

Question 3

High context communication
Vs

Low context communication

Answer 3

High context- Grounded in the situation, depends on group understanding, relies on nonverbal communication, changes slowly

Low context- communication relies on the verbal part of message and rapidly changes

Question 4

Landrum & Betts (1985)

Internalized oppression

Answer 4

System beating, avoidance of whites, denial of significance of race

Try to gain status through education and materials

Question 5

Conceptual incarceration

Split-self syndrome

Playing it cool

Uncle Tom

Answer 5

Conceptual incarceration - White, Protestant world-view

Split self - Into good and bad parts - AfAf part is bad

Playing it cool - no anger

Uncle Tom - passive or happy to lucky

Question 6

Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model

Answer 6

1. Conformity -preference for whiteness ( white tx)
2. Dissonance- confusion about appreciating and depreciating self and others (BIPOC tx)
3. Resistance-Immersion- reject whiteness, and appreciate group (BIPOC)
4. Introspection- second guess militant beliefs and conflict about autonomy vs group needs (BIPOC but open to others with same worldview)
5. Integrative awareness - self-fulfillment and desire to end oppression; evaluative of own and other groups (Worldview)

5.

Question 7

Black Racial (Nigresence) Identity Model (Cross)

Answer 7

black self hatred —> black self acceptance

1. Pre-encounter - low race and racial identity salience assimilation or anti-black/low self-esteem
2. Encounter - encounter results in developing black identity
3. Immersion-Emersion-
   Im-idealizes Blackness and guilty about past anti-blackness
   Em-strong black identity and rejection of whiteness (anti-white)
4. Internalization - want to eradicate racism
   Afrocentric or
   Biculturalist or
   Multiculturalist

Question 8

White Racial Identity Model

Steps 1-3 of 6 (abandoning racism)

Answer 8

Abandoning racism
1. Contact - denies race, racist, IPS=denial, oblivious

2. Disintegration - White guilt/conflict results in over-identifying with BIPOC, paternalistic, retreating into White society.
   IPS= suppression of info and ambivalence
3. Reintegration- solves dissonance by idealizing whiteness and denigrating Blackness. Blames minorities and Believes in reverse racism. IPS=selective perception and negative out-group distortion

Question 9

White Racial Identity model

Steps 4-6 (Nonracist White identity)

Answer 9

4. Pseudo-independence - event results in questioning racism. Intellectualizes race and culture. IPS= selective perception and reshaping reality
5. Immersion-Emersion- explores identity, bias and privilege. Experiential and affective understanding of oppression. IPS= hypervigilance and reshaping
6. Autonomy - nonracist and seeks out minorities. IPS= flexibility and complexity