Learning and additional Needs Flashcards
How do children with special needs present to you
Routine surveillance Identified RF Parental concern Professional contact - nurse Health contact - GP UK healthy child programme
What are motor developmental problems
Delayed maturation - will reach
Cerebral palsy
Coordination
What are sensory problems
Deafness - need to speak
Visual impairment - need for fine motor
Multi-sensory
What are language and social problems
Impairment of language
Learning difficulty
Autism
Elective Mutism
What is a learning difficulty
Significant impairment in intellectual functioning (IQ)
Significant impairment of social functioning
A state of arrested or incomplete development of mind
Affects ability to learn and problem solve in daily life
Present since childhood <18
What is important in the history
Prenatal, perinatal and post natal Miscarriages Milestones Behaviour, social and education history Red book FH of genetic disorder / neurodevelopment Drug and alcohol Record of medication
What do you look for in examination
Observe behaviour OFC Dysmorphic features Skin abnormalities - TS / neurofibromatosis Movement quality Ability to sit / stand from supine CVS / respiratory / abdominal
What are primary assessment tools
ASQ - age and stage
PEDS - parent
MCHAT - autism
SOGS-2 - growing
What are secondary care assessment tools
Griffiths Mental Development Scales = main
How do you investigate developmental delay
Genetic test Karyotope Microarray CK Thyroid screen Metabolic testing Hearing and sight testing Congenital infection screen Neuroimaging Lead and iron screen Growth records
What local services are available to help children
Community paediatric clinic Child development teams OT PT Psychologist Social worker Geneticisit MDT Therapy services
What is additional support needs
A young person needs additional support with education
Why might a child need additional support
Difficulties with mainstream learning
Disability or health needs such as motor or sensory impairment, learning difficulties or autistic spectrum
Family circumstances e.g. carer
What is personal learning planning
Planning what and how a child learns
What is individual educational plane
Detailed plan for child’s learning including short term learning targets and how to reach
SMART
What is a co-ordinated support plan
Detailed plan of how a child’s support will be provided
LEGAL document
Who gets a co-ordinated support plan
Children needing significant additional support
Complex or multiple needs
Continue >1 year
Support required is from >1 agency
What is a CHild’s plan
Plan created if child needs extra support to meet well being needs
Respite / mental health
Part of GIRFEC (national approach to improve outcome and support well being)
What does a child’s plan contain info on
Why child needs support
Type of support
How long they will need support and who should provide it
May include IEP or CSP
Why is diagnosing disability important
Lessen blame Understand condition Genetic counselling More support Address concern about causes Treatment
How does disability affect family
Emotional Social isolation Financial implication Implication for siblings Wider family
How can you measure learning difficulty
IQ 55-70 = mild 40-55 = moderate 25-40 = severe <25 = extreme Most is clinical
What are genetic causes of LD
Down syndrome Turner Neurofibromatosis TS MPS DMD Fragile X PKU Rett's DiGeorge Prader WIlli
What are intrauterine causes
Infection -Rubella / CMV
FAS
Phenytoin
Drugs / substance misuse
What are perinatal causes
Trauma Birth asphyxia LBW Premature IVH HIE
What are post natal factors
SBS Meningitis Head injury Iodine deficeincy Maternal mental health
What physical conditions are associated
Epilepsy Autism Hearing / vision Obesity H.pylori Reflux Respiratory infections Constipation Cerebral palsy Osteoporosis ASD / ADHD
What other IQ scores in adult and children
WISC - children
WAIS - adult
What can cause escalation of symptoms
Change in carer Lack of support Lack of actviites Bereavement Abuse Pain or discomfort Infection / constipation Psychaitric
What are inequalities that people with LD face
Exclusion Depirvation No access to services Discrimination Minimal evidence base Lower LE Increased death
Capacity if
Understand info
Retain info
Weight up decision
Communicate
What are types of LD
Dyslexia - reading, writing and spelling
Dysgraphia - difficulty in writing
Dyspraxia- developmental coordination - present clumsy
Auditory processing
Non-verbal - difficulty processing body language
Profound - severe difficulty across multiple
How does impairment in social functioning manifest
2+ Communication Self care Home living Social skills Community use Self-direction Health and safety Functional academics Work + leisure
