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Paediatrics > Learning and additional Needs > Flashcards

Learning and additional Needs Flashcards

1
Q

How do children with special needs present to you

A 
Routine surveillance
Identified RF 
Parental concern
Professional contact - nurse 
Health contact - GP
UK healthy child programme
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2
Q

What are motor developmental problems

A

Delayed maturation - will reach
Cerebral palsy
Coordination

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3
Q

What are sensory problems

A

Deafness - need to speak
Visual impairment - need for fine motor
Multi-sensory

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4
Q

What are language and social problems

A

Impairment of language
Learning difficulty
Autism
Elective Mutism

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5
Q

What is a learning difficulty

A

Significant impairment in intellectual functioning (IQ)
Significant impairment of social functioning
A state of arrested or incomplete development of mind
Affects ability to learn and problem solve in daily life
Present since childhood <18

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6
Q

What is important in the history

A 
Prenatal, perinatal and post natal 
Miscarriages
Milestones
Behaviour, social and education history
Red book
FH of genetic disorder / neurodevelopment 
Drug and alcohol 
Record of medication
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7
Q

What do you look for in examination

A 
Observe behaviour
OFC
Dysmorphic features
Skin abnormalities - TS / neurofibromatosis 
Movement quality 
Ability to sit / stand from supine
CVS / respiratory / abdominal
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8
Q

What are primary assessment tools

A

ASQ - age and stage
PEDS - parent
MCHAT - autism
SOGS-2 - growing

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9
Q

What are secondary care assessment tools

A

Griffiths Mental Development Scales = main

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10
Q

How do you investigate developmental delay

A 
Genetic test 
Karyotope
Microarray 
CK 
Thyroid screen
Metabolic testing 
Hearing and sight testing
Congenital infection screen 
Neuroimaging 
Lead and iron screen
Growth records
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11
Q

What local services are available to help children

A 
Community paediatric clinic
Child development teams
OT 
PT
Psychologist
Social worker
Geneticisit 
MDT 
Therapy services
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12
Q

What is additional support needs

A

A young person needs additional support with education

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13
Q

Why might a child need additional support

A

Difficulties with mainstream learning
Disability or health needs such as motor or sensory impairment, learning difficulties or autistic spectrum
Family circumstances e.g. carer

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14
Q

What is personal learning planning

A

Planning what and how a child learns

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15
Q

What is individual educational plane

A

Detailed plan for child’s learning including short term learning targets and how to reach
SMART

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16
Q

What is a co-ordinated support plan

A

Detailed plan of how a child’s support will be provided

LEGAL document

17
Q

Who gets a co-ordinated support plan

A

Children needing significant additional support
Complex or multiple needs
Continue >1 year
Support required is from >1 agency

18
Q

What is a CHild’s plan

A

Plan created if child needs extra support to meet well being needs
Respite / mental health
Part of GIRFEC (national approach to improve outcome and support well being)

19
Q

What does a child’s plan contain info on

A

Why child needs support
Type of support
How long they will need support and who should provide it
May include IEP or CSP

20
Q

Why is diagnosing disability important

A 
Lessen blame
Understand condition
Genetic counselling
More support
Address concern about causes 
Treatment
21
Q

How does disability affect family

A 
Emotional
Social isolation
Financial implication
Implication for siblings 
Wider family
22
Q

How can you measure learning difficulty

A 
IQ 
55-70 = mild
40-55 = moderate
25-40 = severe
<25 = extreme 
Most is clinical
23
Q

What are genetic causes of LD

A 
Down syndrome
Turner
Neurofibromatosis
TS
MPS
DMD
Fragile X
PKU
Rett's
DiGeorge
Prader WIlli
24
Q

What are intrauterine causes

A

Infection -Rubella / CMV
FAS
Phenytoin
Drugs / substance misuse

25
Q

What are perinatal causes

A 
Trauma 
Birth asphyxia
LBW
Premature
IVH
HIE
26
Q

What are post natal factors

A 
SBS
Meningitis
Head injury
Iodine deficeincy
Maternal mental health
27
Q

What physical conditions are associated

A 
Epilepsy
Autism 
Hearing / vision
Obesity
H.pylori
Reflux
Respiratory infections 
Constipation
Cerebral palsy
Osteoporosis 
ASD / ADHD
28
Q

What other IQ scores in adult and children

A

WISC - children

WAIS - adult

29
Q

What can cause escalation of symptoms

A 
Change in carer
Lack of support
Lack of actviites
Bereavement
Abuse 
Pain or discomfort 
Infection / constipation
Psychaitric
30
Q

What are inequalities that people with LD face

A 
Exclusion
Depirvation
No access to services
Discrimination
Minimal evidence base
Lower LE 
Increased death
31
Q

Capacity if

A

Understand info
Retain info
Weight up decision
Communicate

32
Q

What are types of LD

A

Dyslexia - reading, writing and spelling
Dysgraphia - difficulty in writing
Dyspraxia- developmental coordination - present clumsy
Auditory processing
Non-verbal - difficulty processing body language
Profound - severe difficulty across multiple

33
Q

How does impairment in social functioning manifest

A 
2+
Communication 
Self care
Home living
Social skills
Community use
Self-direction
Health and safety
Functional academics
Work + leisure

Paediatrics (35 decks)

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