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Paediatrics > Child Development > Flashcards

Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

What ages are classified as neonate, infant, toddler, pre school, school, teenager

A 
Neonate <28 days 
Infant <1 year
Toddler 1-2
Pre-school 2-5
School 5+ 
Adolescent 12-16
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2
Q

What are the key developmental domains

write down age in Hx so don’t forget

A

Gross motor
Fine motor
Social and self help / concentration / behaviour
Hearing, vision, speech and language

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3
Q

What are the most important years for gaining functional skills

A

0-5
Continuous process occurs in sequence
Rate may differ

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4
Q

What do you do in premature babies

A

Correct for their age

Up to 2 years

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5
Q

What age should you smile and when do you refer

A

6 weeks

Refer 3 months

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6
Q

When should you sit and when do you refer

A

7 months

Refer at 12

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7
Q

When should you sit-stand

A

8 months

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8
Q

When should you crawl

A

10 months

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9
Q

When should you walk and when should you refer

A

12-15 months

Refer 18

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10
Q

What do you check if not walking

A

Check CK for DMD

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11
Q 
When should you have 
Respond name 
1 word
2 words
10+ words
A

Name = 9-12 months
1 = 1 year
2+ = 12-18 months years
Sentences 3-5 words = 2.5-3

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12
Q

When should you develop a pincer grip

A

10 months

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13
Q

When should you be able to do zips and buttons

A

5 years

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14
Q

When should you be able to ride a tricycle

A

3 years

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15
Q

When should you be able to play together

A

2.5 years

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16
Q

When should you be able to do your laces

A

8 years

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17
Q

What are variations

A 
Early developer 
Late normal
Bottom shuffler = walk later
Bilingual = language delay
Familial
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18
Q

What is global delay

A

Delay in 2+ domains
>2 SD from mean
Can also have specific delay in 1 domain

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19
Q

What should a new born / first 3 months be able to do

A 
Flex posture
Fix and follow - 6 week
Settle with soothing
Smile 
Sit with no head lag - 3 months
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20
Q

What can you do at 6 months

A 
Sit
Transfer toys
2 syllable babble
Stranger awareness
Respond to novel stimuli 
Feed biscuits
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21
Q

What can you do at 12 months

A 
Stand
Pincer grip 
Stack 2+ blocks 
1 or 2 words
Name 
Point to interest
Wave goodbye
Dominant stimuli
Lift cup to mouth
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22
Q

What can you do at 18 months

A 
Kick ball
Stairs
Squat to pick up 
Stack 4+ block
10+ words
Food / objects and follow instruction
Say no if annoyed
Pretend play
Sympathy
Rigid in own activity
Eat with fork
Take off coat
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23
Q

What can you do at 2 years

A 
Climb upstairs
Run
Circular scribbles
30-50 words
2 word sentences
Help with simple tasks 
7 minute attention
Parallel play
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24
Q

What are red flags

A 
No words by 18mths-2 years
Not walking 18 months
Toe walking
Not running 2.5 years
No smile 3 months
No sitting 9 months
Loss of skills
Asymmetric
Floppy 
Increased tone
Hand preference before 1 
OFC large or small
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25
Q

What does hand preference suggest

A

Hemiplegia

Cerebral palsy

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26
Q

What does communication need

A

Hearing

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27
Q

What do fine motor tasks require

A

Eyesight

28
Q

What can no social smile be a sign of

A

Vision issue
Lack of stimulation
GDD
Early autism

29
Q

What can no words be a sign of

A 
Hearing
Oral dyspraxia
GDD
Specific language delay
Lack of stimulation
30
Q

What are influences on development

A 
Genetic
Environment
\+ve expereinces
Ante-natal
Post natal
31
Q

What are ante-natal influences

A 
TORCH infection
Alcohol
Smoking
Drugs - AED
Maternal health - DM / PET
32
Q

What are post natal influences

A 
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Mercury / lead exposure
Head injury
Malnutrition 
Hypoglycaemia
Neglect
Mother maternal health
33
Q

What does child health programme involve

A

GP, health visitor, midwife
Health promotion
Development screen
Immunisation

34
Q

What is tested for in newborn exam at 5-9 days

A 
PKU
Congenital Hypothyroid
CF
Storage
Sickle cell
Thalassemia
Tay-sach
Hearing
35
Q

What type of hearing tests do you get

A

Acoustic emission at birth
Audtory brain stem response if abnormal
Distraction at 6-9 motnhs
Pure tone at school

36
Q

What happens at 6-8 week review

A 
GP or HV
Feeding
Development
Measurement
Examination - like baby check
Maternal health
Immunisation
37
Q

What happens at 27-30 months

A

Development

Measurement

38
Q

What happens at 5 year review

A

Immunisation
Dental
Hearing
Vision

39
Q

Do you get vaccine for pre-mature

A

No

40
Q

When are live vaccines CI e.g. MMR

A 
Immunocompromised 
Pregnant
Ig therapy
Allergy / anaphylaxis to any component 
- Rash / GI doesn't cough 
Allergy to neomycin
Previous live in 4 weeks
Defer if >3 weeks before or 3 months after immunosuppression
41
Q

What are SE of vaccine

A

Local - pain / swelling / red

Systemic
Fever / Malaise / myalgia / headache / poor feed / rash
Advise to take paracetamol before and after

Rare 
Anaphylaxis 
ITP 
Seizure 
Hypotonia
42
Q

Hearing loss

A

Inborn error of metabolism - AA
CMV
Genetic testing

43
Q

What vaccine does a newborn get if at risk

A

BCG or hep B if at risk
Get 3 more hep B
Get BCG at 1 year

44
Q

What vaccines at 2,3,4 months

A

Dipthertia, tetanus, polio, pertussis, hep B, rotavirus = newly added (6 in 1)

H.influenza
Pnuemococcal
Meningococcal B

45
Q

What do you add at 12 months

A

MMR
Men B+C
Pneumococcal

46
Q

What do you gt age 12-13

A

HPV

47
Q

What do you get at 14

A

Tetanus, diphtheria and polio booster

Meningococcal ACWY

48
Q

What other vaccines

A

Annual flu if at risk or pregnant

Pneumococcal every 5 years

49
Q

What does FAS cause

A 
Growth retardation
Brain and cardiac malformation 
Microcepahly
Thin upper lip 
Smooth philtrum
Short palpebral fissure 
Mid facial hypoplasia
Micrognathia
Microphalmia
50
Q

What may happen when born

A

Alcohol withdrawal
Hypotonic
Tremor
Irritbale

51
Q

Long term complications

A 
Cerebral palsy 
Hearing and visual 
Cognitive
LD
Conduct
ADHD
Anxiety
52
Q

What causes a global developmental delay

A 
Down's
Fragile X
FAS
Rett
Metabolic
53
Q

What causes a gross motor delay

A 
Cerebral palsy
Myopathy
Spina bifida 
Visual impairment
Ataxia
54
Q

What causes a gross fine motor delay

A

Dyspraxia

Same as above

55
Q

What causes language delay

A 
Social
Hearing impairment
LD
Autism 
Cerebral palsy
56
Q

What causes personal / social delay

A

Neglect

Autism

57
Q

What are live vaccines

A 
MMR
BCG
Chicken pox 
Flu intra-nasal 
ROtavirus
Yellow fever, Polio, typhoid
58
Q

What are inactivated

A

Polio
FLu
Hep A
Rabies

59
Q

What are conjugate

A 
Pneumococcus
Meningococcus
Hep B 
HPV 
Shingles
60
Q

What are inactivated vaccines

A

Tetanus
Diptheria
Pertusssi

61
Q

What are encapsulated bacteria

A

Haemophilus B
Pneumococcus
Meningooccus

62
Q

Meningococcal vaccine

A

MEN B = early 2,3,4 months
Men C + B = preschool at 12 months
Men ACWY = 14 years

63
Q

What do you get if pregnant

A

Pertussis

64
Q

When do you defer vaccine

A

Acutely unwell WITH fever, not runny nose
Evolving neuro
>3 week before or >3 months after immunosuppression

65
Q

What vaccine do you not catch up on

A

Rotavirus given at 2,3 months

Risk of intussception

Paediatrics (35 decks)

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