Learning aim C - C1 - people with specific needs

Question 1

what are the four case studies tested in the exam?

Answer 1

1. ill health
2. learning disability
3. physical and sensory disability
4. age related - early years/ later adulthood

Question 2

what does ‘ill health’ cover?

Answer 2

physical and mental illnesses

Question 3

how can physical and mental illnesses be linked?

Answer 3

example - poor physical health can lead to serious anxiety and depression

Question 4

give some key facts about mental illness

Answer 4

• difficult to define and to monitor
• what is regarded as ‘normal’ varies across time and cultures so one diagnosis does not have same symptoms in different cultures
• we rely on statistics but these only record people who are treated - so underrepresentative
• according to MIND - 1 in 4 people experience a mental health problem each year

Question 5

which job roles are likely to support someone with ill health?

Answer 5

• doctor/ GP
• nurse
• domicillary nurse if more serious
• midwife
• dentist
• occupational therapist

Question 6

what providers care for someone with ill health?

Answer 6

GP surgery
hospital
specialist clinics
domicillary care

Question 7

what are the physical signs of stress?

Answer 7

changes in eating patterns - overeating or undereating
tiredness

Question 8

what are the psychological signs of stress?

Answer 8

low self esteem
poor self image
low confidence
depression
anxiety

Question 9

what are the behavioural signs of stress?

Answer 9

avoiding social situations
either doing no work due to no motivation or over working
high anger levels - lashing out unnecessarily

Question 9

suggest how people can maintain good mental health

Answer 9

keep socially intergratedm-> socialise with family, friends, colleagues
speak about your feelings and concerns to others/ someone you can trust
exercise regularly and eat a healthy balanced diet
remove any unnecessary pressures that could be contributing to poor mental health

Question 9

why may people with mental health problems not seek professional support?

Answer 9

physical barriers - no nearby mental health services
not feeling deserving of help - competitiveness of mental illnesses - ‘not sick enough’
lack of education on what support is available
feel that you wont be listened to or understood

Question 10

how would a nurse care for someone with ill health?

Answer 10

administer medications correctly and give when needed
monitor patients condition and provide treatment where needed, and regularly update the doctor
conduct observations to check all levels

Question 11

what does mencap define a learning disability as?

Answer 11

a reduced intellectual ability and difficulty with everyday activities which affects someone for their whole life.

Question 12

will someone with a learning disability have any other health conditions?

Answer 12

potentially - many people often have other health needs, for example people with downs syndrome often have heart problems, sight or hearing impairments

Question 13

how many people with learning disabilities struggle with their mental health?

Answer 13

between 25% and 40%

Question 14

what did the community care act (1990) state?

Answer 14

it increased the number of people with learning disabilities treated in teh community - reduction in institutionalisation

Question 15

what was the purpose of the disability discrimination act (1995)?

Answer 15

provides legal protection in employment, access to public buildings, and in renting accomodation

Question 16

what percentage of adults with a learning diasbility have the capability and desire to work compared to how many are in paid work?

Answer 16

MENCAP 2015 - 65% have the capability and desire, but only 7% are in paid work. this is often part time and low paid

Question 17

who often provides care for individuals with learning disabilitiies?

Answer 17

informal carers (family - parents/sibiings, friends)
carers - visit regularly or on shifts so always someone with them
domicilary nurses
social workers
support workers

Question 18

explain the role of a carer working with someone with a learning disability

Answer 18

they should be focused on empowering the service user, allowing them to build skills to be as independant as possible.
help them with daily tasks such as cleaning, washing, cooking, shopping.
help with personal hygeine - dressing, toiletting etc whilst still maintaining dignity

Question 19

explain why it may not be appropiate to care for someone with a learning disability in a hospital, and what are the advantages of community care?

Answer 19

unless they have a specific physical health problem that requires them to be in hospital for treatment, it would be inappropiate to keep them in hospital for no reason. being supported in the community allows them to receive the support they need whilst being empowered and working on their independence. it also allows them to socialise with others, and work on these skills in the ‘real world’ rather than in an instituitionalised setting

Question 20

what are the four key care priorities?

Answer 20

1. choices for people and their families, so they have a say in their care
2. care in the community, with personalised support provided by multidisciplinary teams
3. innovative services that offer a range of care options, within personal budgets, so that the care meets individual needs
4. providing early, intensive support for people who need it so they can stay independent in the community, near home

Question 21

how have people with physical and sensory disabilities historically been treated?

Answer 21

hospitalised and only their physical health taken into account

Question 22

what is a sensory impairment?

Answer 22

this refers to a condition where a persons sensory organs function abnormally poorly, which limits their ability to perform day to day activities

Question 23

what causes someone to be classified as ‘disabled’?

Answer 23

if someone with an impairment does not have equipment or services adapted for them.

Question 24

what is a disabling environment?

Answer 24

a situation where appropiate adaptions and services are not in place to support people with impairments

Question 25

what is the poverty rate for people with disabilities compared to those without?

Answer 25

it is twice the amount

Question 26

why do people with disabilities experience poverty more than someone without?

Answer 26

this is because they face extra costs relating to managing their impairment such as alterations to their homes, social care support, mobility aids and communication aids
1 in 5 adults with a disability are unable to find any employment, causing lots of adults with disabilities to be unemployed not through choice

Question 27

list 3 sensory disabilities

Answer 27

• autism
• deafness
• visual impairment

Question 28

list some physical disabilities

Answer 28

• arthritis
• cerebal palsy
• epilepsy
• spina bifida

Question 29

list the four main care providers for someone with a physical or sensory disability

Answer 29

• support workers
• physiotherapist
• specialist medical team
• ENT doing specialist hearing clinics

Question 30

what are care and education services supporting children in early childhood required to follow?

Answer 30

a curriculum - the Early Years Foundation Stage curriculum. this was updated in 2014

Question 31

what is the EYFS curriculum?

Answer 31

it sets standard and measures progress from birth to five years old. all schools and ofsted registered early years providers must follow the EYFS. they cover 7 key areas of learning and development which form a hollistic model that addresses the development of the whole child

Question 32

what are the 7 key areas covered by the EYFS curriculum?

Answer 32

prime areas:
1. communication and language
2. physical development
3. personal, social and emotional development
care areas:
1. literacy
2. mathematics
3. understanding the world
4. expressive art and design

Question 33

explain the role of a carer for a service user in a early years setting

Answer 33

• keep the parents informed of any progress being made, and milestones not achieved
• intellectually stimulate the children - encourage learning with exciting activities
• safeguarding
• accessible learning environment - willing to make adaptions if needed
• confidentiality
• work in partnership with parents - take feedback from them for things child should work on etc
• no discrimination

Question 34

list the rights an adult with specific needs (age related, elderly) has

Answer 34

• choose their GP
• equal and fair treatment
• to be involved in discussions around their treatment, have their opinion listened to
• access to complaints procedure
• access to advocacy and empowerment

Question 35

describe the types of adults who may be more vulnerable to risks

Answer 35

• people with deteriorating illnesses sucha s dementia
• those who have been abused
• refugees
• those with mental health conditions
• physical health conditions
• cannot cope with day to day tasks for a specific reason

Question 36

explain the role of a carer who looks after a service user in later adulthood with a specific need

Answer 36

• keep them safe, manage all risks
• helping them to live as independently as possible - empowerment
• keep all information confidential unless necessary
• work in partnership with other providers, part of a multi disciplinary team
• administer medication
• promote their rights, no discrimination