Learning Flashcards
Classical conditioning
US pair with CS to produce UR
Extinction
Unlearning behavior
Spontaneous recovery
Behavior briefly reappears
Generalization
Respond to similar stimulus
Discriminate
Distinction between various stimuli
Second/higher-order conditioning
Pair CS with new CS to produce same UR
Law of effect
Pleasant consequence, stimulus/response connection goes up, unpleasant goes down
Instrumental learning
Consequence instrumental in shaping future behavior
Positive reinforcement
Increase behavior by adding something good
Negative reinforcement
Increase behavior by taking away something bad
Escape learning
Terminate aversive stimulus
Avoidance learning
Avoid unpleasant stimulus
Positive punishment
Decrease behavior by adding something bad
Negative punishment
Decrease behavior by taking away something good
Shaping
Reinforcing steps to desired behavior
Chaining
Successive responses to get an award
Primary reinforces
Themselves rewarding (food)
Secondary reinforcers
Learned value ($)
Generalized reinforcer
Can be used for anything ($)
Token economy
Trade tokens for other reinforcers
Premack Principle
2 activities, the one preferred is used to reinforce one not preferred
Fixed-ratio schedule
Set # of responses
Variable-ratio schedule
of responses varies, averages to a certain #
Fixed-interval schedule
Set time elaspes
Variable-interval schedule
Time elapsed varies
Contiguity model of CC
Continuous pairings of CS and US
Contingency model
Intermixed w/ times of just CS or just US; association not as strong
Observational learning
Albert Bandura
Latent learning
Learning that isn’t totally evident
Abstract learning
Understanding concepts
Insight learning
Wolfgang Kohler, sudden insight on solving problems
