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AP Psych > Cognition > Flashcards

Cognition Flashcards

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1
Q

Information processing model

A

Sensory->short term->long term

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2
Q

Working memory

A

Short term memory

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3
Q

Iconic memory

A

Split-second perfect photo of scene

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4
Q

Echoic memory

A

(3-4sec) memory of sound

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5
Q

Selective attention

A

Encode what is important (cocktail party effect)

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6
Q

Short term memory storage

A

7 +- 2 items

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7
Q

Chunking

A

Grouping items (mnemonic devices

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8
Q

Episodic memory

A

Events stored sequentially (last time I went to movies)

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9
Q

Semantic memory

A

General knowledge, categories

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10
Q

Procedural memory

A

Skills

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11
Q

Explicit

A

Conscious memories we tried to remember

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12
Q

Implicit

A

Nondeclarative, unintentional, how to clean floor

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13
Q

Levels of processing model

A

Deep (elaboratively) and shallow (maintenance) processing

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14
Q

Recognition

A

Multiple choice test

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15
Q

Recall

A

Essay (retrieve with external cue)

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16
Q

Primacy effect

A

More likely to remember 1st part

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17
Q

Recency effect

A

Recall end

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18
Q

Serial positioning effect

A

Forget the middle part

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19
Q

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

A

Temporary inability to remember something

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20
Q

Flashbulb memories

A

Context e.g. 9/11 remember where you were

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21
Q

Mood-congruent theory

A

Matching mood as the memory = greater recall

22
Q

State-dependent theory

A

Different recall in states of consciousness (before sleep, have to write down)

23
Q

Constructive memory

A

Constructed memory, false details

24
Q

Relearning effect

A

Easier to relearn something

25
Q

Retroactive interference

A

New info blocks old

26
Q

Proactive interference

A

Old info blocks new

27
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Can’t store new memories

28
Q

Long-term potentiation

A

Repeat firings -> strengthen memory

29
Q

Phenomes

A

Smallest unit of sound

30
Q

Morphemes

A

Smallest unit of meaningful sound

31
Q

Babbling stage

A

4 months, phenomes

32
Q

One-word stage

A

Holophrastic, 1 year

33
Q

Two-word stage

A

18 months, telegraphic

34
Q

Overgeneralization/Overregulation

A

Excessively applying grammar rules

35
Q

Nativist theory of language acquisition

A

Noam Chomsky-inborn ability to develop language

36
Q

Critical period

A

Period where child has to be exposed to language to learn

37
Q

Linguistic relativity hypothesis

A

Language influence thinking, Benjamin Whorf

38
Q

Prototypes

A

Typical example of concept

39
Q

Algorithms

A

Try everything possible solution, guarantee answer

40
Q

Heuristics

A

rule of thumb, not always true

41
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Judge situation based on similar ones that come to mind

42
Q

Representative heuristic

A

Judge situation on prototypes

43
Q

Belief bias

A

Tend not to change belief

44
Q

Belief perseverence

A

Not change belief even if contratdicted

45
Q

Rigidity

A

Mental set, tend to fall in established patterns

46
Q

Functional fixedness

A

Inability to see new use for ojbect

47
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Look for evidence that supports beliefs

48
Q

Framing

A

How problem is presented

49
Q

Convergent thinking

A

Point to 1 solution

50
Q

Divergent thinking

A

Multiple answers, associated with creativity

AP Psych (14 decks)

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