Leaf Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

main functions of leaves

A

traspiration:regulate water levels
photosynthesis
-need large SA for these

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2
Q

How does the leaf form

A

-Chemical signals (IAA) sent and apical meristem forms LEAF PRIMORDIUM
-proctoderms and procambium produce vascular strand that become midvein and vascular strand
-the meristematic cells thicken leaf and produce lamina(blade) and petiole(stem thing)

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3
Q

The leaf primordium position determined by the

A

phylotaxy

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4
Q

until when does leaf uses plant resources?

A

until 40% grown

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5
Q

Cuticle covers the

A

epidermal layer

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6
Q

epidermis does not usually contain

A

chloroplasts

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7
Q

do guard cells contain chloroplasts?

A

yes

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8
Q

what are the openings in the epidermis called? what controls them?

A

-they are called stomata( stoma singular)
-guard cell controls them, controlling gasses necessary for photosynthesis, and transpiration

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9
Q

why must the stomata close if the gas and water exchanges are important to the plant?

A

water loss

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10
Q

how do guard cells open and close?

A

-movement of potassium and water in response to light intensity
-co2 or water concentration triggers these pressure changes
-as potassium ions move, water follows by osmosis, changing shape of guard cells

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11
Q

How does proton pump work

A

transfers protons out, and then k+ rapid intake
if there is H+, guard cells closed
no H+, guard cells open

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12
Q

what hormone inhibits proton pump

A

ABA, abscisic acid

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13
Q

what is the internal structure of leaf made of

A

mesophyll tissue,
intercellular spaces
vascular tissue

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14
Q

monocot vs dicot msophyll

A

monocot have t type of mesophyll
dicot have 2

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15
Q

Palisade mesophyl

A

made of 2 layers sof longated cells
80% of chloroplasts

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16
Q

Spongy layer

A

-intercelular spaces
-most gas exchange is here
-fewer chloroplasts

17
Q

what is vascular strand surrounded by?

A

vascular bundle

18
Q

vacsular tissue composed of

A

xylem- vessel and tracheids
phloem- sieve cells and companion cells

19
Q

what does vascular bundle do

A

helps load sugars to phloem and unloads water from xylem

20
Q

C3 photosynthesis

A

-Do not have predominant bundle sheath
-RUBC fixes CO2 to sugar in chloroplasts of mesophyll

21
Q

bundle sheath

A

-in C4 plants, has tightly packed mesophyll cells
-aid vascular bundle transport water to epidermis
-aids in converting CO2 to sugar

22
Q

C4 photosynthesis

A

-PEP fixes CO2 into C4 molecule in cytosol of mesophyll.
-then transported to bundle sheath, where it is converted back into C3+ CO2
-in calvin cycle, CO2 fixes to C5 to make C6 for sugars in bundle sheath

23
Q

CAM

A

at night, PEP binds C3to C4, which accumulates in the vaccuole
during day, C4 diffuses out of vaccuoles and CO2 released for calvin cycle–>rusisco and co2 fixation

24
Q

What happens if no CO2 intake for photosynthesis? (C3)

A

Bind O2 to rubisco,
leads to no carbon fixing, however saves plant from oxygen accumulation
–> photorespiration

25
Photorespiration
dissipates ATP and accumulated elections to prevent photooxidative damage
26
modified leaves
adapted to trap insects leaf tendrils(support) leaf spines(protection) reduction in transpiration water or food storage asexual propogation specialized to form flowers
27
leaves modified to reduce water loss thru transpiration
reduction of size leaf blade rolled pitted or sunken stomata