Leadership lecture Flashcards
explain the cognitive dissonance related to WW2
Difficulty post WW11 reconciling atrocities with the idea that those who carried them out were just ‘normal’ human beings.
Therefore, easier to explain horrors of genocide in terms of the German personality.
Not mental illness, German’s could not have, as much as we would like to think so, carried out the final solution in a florid psychotic state.
Difficulty post WW11 reconciling atrocities with the idea that those who carried them out were just ‘normal’ human beings.
Therefore, easier to explain horrors of genocide in terms of the German personality.
Not mental illness, German’s could not have, as much as we would like to think so, carried out the final solution in a florid psychotic state.
individual difference =
The sum total of the physical, mental, emotional and social characteristics of an individual
The organized pattern of behavioral characteristics of the individual.
briefly explain the authoritarian personality (1950)
Adorno, frenkel-brunswik, levinson & sanford
A response to facsim and world war 2
Uses freud’s ‘social’ psychology
Repressed aggression towards parents
The leader is linked to the parents
Thus the repressed aggression is linked to the leader
Sublimated aggression ( which cannot be expressed to leader) is re-directed towards an out group.
further explain aspects of the authoritarian personality 1950?
Uncritical of parents (described with vague superlatives)
Repressed hostility towards parents/authority
Status seeking (identification with leaders)
Abhors ambiguity
Cannot acknowledge ambigous feelings towards parents
Hostile feelings are repressed and not integrated into the ego
Fascist ideology is a symbolic structure that can vent this aggression by redirecting it towards weak outgroups and simultaneously positioning self in alignment with power and authority
Opposition between strong authority and weak minority is necessarily rigid because no critics or weakness of the authority can be accepted (projected onto weak minority)
Historically IMPLAUSIBLE
Uncritical of parents (described with vague superlatives)
Repressed hostility towards parents/authority
Status seeking (identification with leaders)
Abhors ambiguity
Cannot acknowledge ambigous feelings towards parents
Hostile feelings are repressed and not integrated into the ego
Fascist ideology is a symbolic structure that can vent this aggression by redirecting it towards weak outgroups and simultaneously positioning self in alignment with power and authority
Opposition between strong authority and weak minority is necessarily rigid because no critics or weakness of the authority can be accepted (projected onto weak minority)
Historically IMPLAUSIBLE
Uncritical of parents (described with vague superlatives)
Repressed hostility towards parents/authority
Status seeking (identification with leaders)
Abhors ambiguity
Cannot acknowledge ambigous feelings towards parents
Hostile feelings are repressed and not integrated into the ego
Fascist ideology is a symbolic structure that can vent this aggression by redirecting it towards weak outgroups and simultaneously positioning self in alignment with power and authority
Opposition between strong authority and weak minority is necessarily rigid because no critics or weakness of the authority can be accepted (projected onto weak minority)
Historically IMPLAUSIBLE.
the first attempts to explain WW2 were in terms of personality…..
Some people are facsits and some are not
Alternatively…
The power of the situation
Personality examples are by nature, individualistic.
Social situations argue for the importance of other people, social influence and social norms and roles.
the non-authotarian personality….
Realistic conception of parents
Open resistance towards parents/authority
Less concerned with status
Accepts ambiguity.
characteristics….
Traits - ‘great man’ approach
Behaviours
Leadership behaviour description questionnaire (LBDQ)
situation….. PRINT OFF ONE NOTE PAGE AND REFER TOO
Importance of the context and ability to meet task demands
Great leader = in the right place at the right time
Little to do with personal characteristics
CHARISMATIC IS DEFINED BY…
ITS EFFECTS NOT PREDICTIVE, people are deemed charasmatic because of the outcome of their leadership that they are able to create.
charismatic leadership….
‘charasmatic leadership’
Is leadership just a mechanical matching process?
Is there anything special about what leaders do?
‘charisma’
Usually seen as a trait of a person
Provide ‘ideal’ behavioral model for others
‘charismatic’ leaders have ability to change self-concept and self-esteem of group members
Redefine group norms and goals.
leadership or followership?
Leadership as a social relationship
The equal importance of followership
Hollander 1958
Without followership there is no leadership
Followers validate and empower leaders
Leaders must build support base and win respect
‘idiosyncrasy credits’ - doing good things for the group and its members
Gives leader license to take group in new directions.
social identity and leadership?
draws on social identity and self-categorization theories
Leadership not just a relationship between leader and followers….
It’s a relationship between leader and followers within a social group
Importance of social identity – shared between leaders and followers
Representing ‘us’
principles of leadership from social identity perspective?
Leaders must be prototypical of the ingroup
Needs to be seen as one of us: as representing us
Prototypicality of leader is their source of influence
Implications =
Prototypicality of a leader depends on the social context : depends on who ‘we’ are and who ‘they’ are
Factors that set leader apart from (differentiates them from) followers will UNDERMINE GROUP FUNCTION
social identity and leadership?
Principles of leadership from social identity perspective
Leaders must be ingroup champions
Need to be seen as doing it for us: not for individual reward or in a way that undermines ingroup
Leaders must advance collective (ingroup) interest
Implications =
> ability to mobilise group members – ie: to generate active followership – depends on being seen as acting in ‘our’ interests.
> leader who is not seen as acting in interests of ingroup will fail to induce active followership.
Leader ‘attributes’ are followers ATTRIBUTIONS.
Representativeness – effective leadership- charisma
Not fixed characteristics of a leader
But attributions made by group members
Emergent properties
implications of social identity and leadership?
Implications =
> ‘charisma’ doesn’t necessarily make you more representative or a better leader
BUT BEING REPRESENTATIVE LEADS ‘CHARISMA’ TO BE ATTRIBUTED TO YOU.
