Leadership And Navigation Flashcards
Coercive leadership approach
leader imposes vision or solution and demands team follows it
When is the coercive leadership approach effective
When there are crises and clear and immediate action is needed
When can coercive leadership approach be ineffective
Coercive leadership can damage employees’ sense of ownership and motivation
Authoritative leadership approach
Leader invites team to follow their vision
When is authoritative leadership effective
When there is no clear path forward, team members are invited to contribute their own ideas and take risks, leader has real expertise
Affiliative leadership approach
Leader creates strong relationships within team, encourages feedback and team members are motivated by loyalty
When is affiliative leadership most effective
When leader has inherited a dispirited or dysfunctional team
Democratic leadership approach
Invites followers to collaborate and commits to consensus
When is the democratic leadership approach most effective
When there is strong resistance to change or leader does not have clear vision
What is pace setting leadership
Leader sets the model for high performance and challenges followers to meet expectations
When is pace setting leadership effective
When teams are highly competent and motivated
When is pace setting leadership ineffective
When employees get tired and.or when leaders don’t take enough time to motivate team members
Coaching Leadership
Leader focuses on developing team members’ skills - align their goals to that of the organization
Coaching vs. Mentoring
Mentoring helps EE navigate and understand the organization - character AND skills (coaching is skills)
Trait theory of leadership
Leaders have innate characteristics their followers don’t possess - for example physical or personality traits
What leadership theory is known as the “Great Man” theory?
Trait Theory of leadership
Behavioral theory of leadership
Leaders influence group through certain members
Blake Mouton Theory - five types of leaders?
Country Club Managers, Improverished Managers, Authoritarian Managers, Middle of the Road Managers, Team Leaders
Blake Mouton Theory - two dimensions
Tasks and EEs (relations based on social and emotional needs)
CC managers
high relationships, low tasks - do not want to jeopardize relationships (top right quadrant)
What sort of managers “delegate and disappear”?
Impoverished managers - low task and low relationship
Authoritarian Managers
high task, low relationship - expect you to follow without question and little collaboration
Middle of the road managers
not considered leaders
What do team leaders do
Lead by example - high task and high relationships
What are situational leadership theories?
Leaders flex their behaviors to meet the needs of a unique situation - change based on situation
Hersery Blanchard
As team members grow in skills and experience, leaders supply the appropriate behavior based on the situation
When do leaders “tell”
When EE is not motivated or competent
Four steps of Hersey Blanchard leadership
Telling, selling, participating and delegating
Fiedler’s Contingency Theory
A situational leadership theory where leaders change the situation to make it more favorable for positive outcomes
Path-Goal Theory
Leader has role in coaching and developing
Emergent leadership theory
someone emerges as a leader (think survivor)
Transactional Leadership
leader has preference for order and structure - control and short term planning (think military)
Transformational Leadership
Inspires employees to embrace change - encourage and motivate EEs to innovate and seek out changes to add value to organization - do not micromanage
Leader-Member Exchange Theory
Leader and chosen employees - leader gives selected team members access to more information and resources to strengthen support
What is a downfall of a leader-member exchange theory
It can create in groups and out groups
Servant leadership
Leaders serve needs of employees - remove roadblocks - tend to be more empathetic and trusted
Formal Organizational Features
Traditional reporting lines, funding source, governing bodies (decision making processes), strategy / mission / vision,
What is one downside of a formal organization
Slower to change
What are informal organizational features built on?
Interpersonal relationships, values and beliefs
What is the best way to discover informal organizations
Observation - how people interact and are treated
How to convert potential allies into partners?
Understand the needs and goals of allies both personally and functionally - need to understand their motivation
What are five ways leaders can create power
Legitimate, Reward, Expert, Referent, Coercive
What is legitimate power
power created formally through a position or a title
Reward power
Leader can offer followers something in exchange for commitment
What is a downside of expert power
It can create dependency and weaken initiative
Referent power
Force of the leaders personality - ability to attract admiration, affections or loyalty
Coercive power
Leader has power to punish those
What are external factors of power
legitimate, reward and coercive
What is the most useful tactic for persuading?
Use reason to appeal to mutually held visions and values
What do theory X leaders do?
Micromanage - believe team must be controlled and forced to work
What do theory Y leader believe
EEs dislike rigid controls and want to accomplish something
What are needs theories
Individuals are motivated to satisfy certain needs - for example: achievement, control, social connection
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs - what are the five basic categories
Physiological (survival = pay)
Safety and security
Belonging
Esteem
Self actualization
PS BES
What is Herzberg’s motivation theory
Behavior is driven by instrinic and extrinic factors
What is workplace hygiene
The extrinsic factors that motivate people - such as job security, pay, conditions
Is workplace hygiene enough to motivate employees
No - motivation comes from within and based on individual desires, needs
What is McClellands motivation theory
People are motivated by achievement, affliation and power
What is the basic concept behind McClelland’s theory of motivation for effective leaders to use it
Leaders must know their people and their motivators
What is the Vroom expectancy theory?
I will work hard if it brings success and that success has meaning for me
What are the two key factors in expectancy theory fo motivation
Effort will increase if person has confidence it will lead to something positive
Attribution motivation theory
How someone reflects on past results (good or bad) is related to present motivation
Goal setting theory
EEs should design their goals and assess their achievementE
Equity theory
EEs motivated based on sense of fairness
Motivation theories dealing with the amount of control in the workplace; motivation is seen as either absolutely irrelevant or absolutely critical.
Theory X/Theory Y
Power that is created by the force of the leader’s personality.
Referent power
