Leaders as Motivators Flashcards
How and Why are some theories says that managers need to motivate their employees?
- By providing incentives/rewards and model behaviours.
- To boost the employees satisfaction and productivity.
What are the theories that talk about how managers should motivate employees? (7)
I. Maslow
II. Alderfer’s ERG
III. Herzberg
IV. McClelland
V. Expectancy Theory
VI. Equity Theory
VI. Goal setting
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
(Def, Sat, Levels)
A motivational theory in psychology that categorizes human needs into 5 levels in a hierarchy. Once a lower-level need is met, the focus shifts to the next level.
The five levels of the hierarchy are(Basic to Complex):
- Physiological: Basic needs like food, water, shelter, clothing.
- Safety: Feeling secure and protected.
- Love/Belonging: Social connections and relationships. (Romantic, Platonic, Family)
- Esteem: Self-esteem and recognition.
- Self-Actualization: Fulfillment of personal potential and growth
What is Alderfer’s ERG?
(Origin, Main Needs, Diverse)
Is based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
It says that people have 3 main types of needs:
- Existence
- Relatedness
- Growth
These needs can be more important to some people than others, and their importance can change over time.
What is Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation? (Name, What do they do)
Job satisfaction is influenced by 2 types of factors; Motivators and Hygiene factors.
- Motivators encourage Job Satisfaction
- Hygiene factors prevent Job Dissatisfaction
What is McClelland’s Theory of Needs?
(Def, Main Needs, Importance)
Suggests that people’s actions are influenced by their needs.
It emphasizes three main needs:
- Affiliation
- Achievement
- Power.
These needs are important in determining/shaping a person’s motivation and accomplishments in all aspects of life.(Personal + Professional)
What is the Expectancy Theory?
(Def, Assumptions)
People are motivated to act based on their expectation of a certain outcome.
3 Assumptions;
i. Making/Putting more effort will improve performance
ii. High Performance will bring a reward
iii. The outcome(Reward) will be attractive/desirable
What is Adam’s Equity Theory?
(Def, How, Suggest*)
Equity Theory suggests that people are motivated by fairness.
If they see an unfair situation compared to their peers, they will adjust their work to make it fair in their opinion.
In the workplace, individuals try to balance what they give to the org with what they receive in return.
Suggest that; Employees will take action to restore fairness if they believe there is an imbalance between their input and output compared to others.
What is Goal setting?
(Def{Process}, Key Principles)
Goal setting is a purposeful and explicit process that involves;
I. Identifying a new Objective/Skill/Project
II. Making a plan for achieving it
III. Working to complete it.
Key principles;
i. Commitment
ii. Clarity
iii. Challenging goals
iv. Task complexity/difficulty
v. Feedback
