Lead (9/20)

Question 1

What was the original ambient air quality standard for lead in 1978?

Answer 1

1.5 micrograms/ m^3

Question 2

what was ambient air quality standard of lead lowered to in 2008

Answer 2

0.5 micrograms/ m^3

Question 3

What is the most abundant toxic heavy metal?

Answer 3

lead

Question 4

Uses and sources of lead

Answer 4

• Paint
• Gas
• Household and ceiling dust
• Occupational
• Solder**
• Ceramic glazes**
• Pesticides
• Cigarettes
• Mines, smelters**

Question 5

What has happened to the blood levels for lead consumed from gasoline and air over time?

Answer 5

decreased

Question 6

There has been an ___ in lead in paint and in the air and gasoline since 1960.

Answer 6

increase

Question 7

What are some ways that lead penetrates the human body?

Answer 7

• Inhaled
• Ingested
• Absorbed through skin

Question 8

Lead goes down the __ and __ absorption pathways.

Answer 8

Fe and Ca

Question 9

Where does most of lead go in the body?

Answer 9

• Mostly long bones
• 4% brain, liver, kidneys
• Crosses fetal blood-brain barrier

Question 10

During which process is lead released in the body?

Answer 10

osteolysis (degeneration of bone from Ca loss)

Question 11

Health effects of lead (2)

Answer 11

• Concentration related

- IQ/Delinquency related (dose-response)

Question 12

What is causing lead poisoning in Nigeria?

Answer 12

• Gold mining

- Resulting in convulsions, neurological effects, blindness, deafness

Question 13

exposure levels for to have a medical emergency from lead (children and adults)

Answer 13

child: > 50 ug/dL
adult: > 80 ug/dL

Question 14

Exposure levels to have moderate effects from lead (children and adults)

Answer 14

child: > 25 ug/dL
Adult: > 60 ug/dL

Question 15

exposure levels for children to have severe lead symptoms

Answer 15

55-70 ug/dL

Question 16

What was the conclusion of the baby teeth study?

Answer 16

Higher doses of lead resulted in a shift in IQ and increase in learning disabilities.

Question 17

Adverse effects on fetus from lead exposure

Answer 17

• Decreased gestational weight
• Decreased gestational age
• Miscarriage and stillbirth at very high levels of exposure

Question 18

T/F Increased lead exposure is associated with inability to complete high school.

Answer 18

T

Question 19

T/F Increased lead exposure is not associated with reading disability in young adulthood.

Answer 19

F

Question 20

What are three consequences (behavioral) of lead kids?

Answer 20

• More delinquent
• More aggressive
• Bad attention spans

Question 21

What has happened to the CDC’s action level of lead in blood in kids?

Answer 21

It has declined.

Question 22

Which race and which gender are exposed to more lead, and get affected more?

Answer 22

African american, males

Question 23

Sources of lead for babies and contribution amount

Answer 23

• Water and other: 10%
• Air: 15%
• Food: 20%
• Dust/Soil: 55%

Question 24

% of kids entering public schools that have been lead poisoned

Answer 24

5%

Question 25

Wisconsin lead poisoning prevalence is ___ the national average.

Answer 25

2x

Question 26

What is Milwaukee’s lead blood levels

Answer 26

above 10 ug/dL

Question 27

Results of Study on 4th Grade educational achievement

Answer 27

Exposure at age 3 predicted school suspension in Milwaukee.