LE3 - Feeds Flashcards
The most appropriate vehicle for a wet lesion that measures less than the palm is *
A. lotion
B. cream
C. aerosol
D. ointment
A. lotion
Rationale: Lotions are water-based preparations that are suitable for wet or oozing lesions. They can provide a drying effect, which can be beneficial for such lesions. Lotions are easily spreadable and can be applied thinly, making them appropriate for smaller areas like a lesion that is less than the size of the palm.
Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol essential for fungal cell membrane formation *
A. fluconazole
B. butenafine
C. itraconazole
D. griseofulvin
B. butenafine
Drug interaction of azoles with this drug may cause rhabdomyolysis *
A. midazolam
B. HMG-co-A reductase
C. cetirizine
D. triazolam
B. HMG-co-A reductase
Answer: B. HMG-co-A reductase
Rationale: HMG-co-A reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, can interact with azole antifungals leading to increased levels of the statin, which can result in rhabdomyolysis, a breakdown of muscle tissue.
Oral Azoles: FlucoNAZOLE, ItracoNAZOLE
Has the ability to stimulate peripheral mononuclear cells to release interferon alpha and to stimulate macrophages to produce interleukins and tumor necrosis factor *
A. imiquimod
B. calcipotriol
C. isotretinoin
D. tacrolimus
A. imiquimod
Rationale: Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that stimulates the immune system to release various cytokines, including interferon alpha, interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor.
- Inhibits T-lymphocyte activation and prevents release of inflammatory cytokines and mediators from mast cells after stimulation of antigen-IgE complexes *
A. calcipotriol
B. imiquimod
C. tacrolimus
D. isotretinoin
C. tacrolimus
Rationale: Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug that inhibits T-lymphocyte activation. It is used topically to treat atopic dermatitis and prevents the release of inflammatory cytokines and mediators.
- The most appropriate topical corticosteroid to a six-year old with atopic dermatitis on the face is *
A. hydrocortisone cream 1%
B. momethasone furoate 0.1%
C. betamethasone valerate 0.05%
D. triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%
A. hydrocortisone cream 1%
Rationale: Hydrocortisone cream 1% is a low-potency topical corticosteroid that is generally considered safe and appropriate for use on the face, especially in children. The face is a sensitive area with thinner skin, making it more susceptible to side effects from stronger corticosteroids. The other options (B, C, and D) are more potent corticosteroids and are not typically recommended for use on the face, especially in children, due to the increased risk of side effects such as skin thinning.
Allergic contact dermatitis to topical medications is *
A. Type I hypersensitivity
B. Type II hypersensitivity
C. Type Ill hypersensitivity
D. Type IV hypersensitivity
Answer: D. Type IV hypersensitivity
Rationale: Allergic contact dermatitis is a classic example of a Type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It is cell-mediated and involves sensitized T lymphocytes. Common examples include reactions to poison ivy and nickel.
The pathogens isolated from most infected dermatoses *
A. Group Aß-hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus
B. Group A -hemolytic streptococcus
C. Klebsiella
D. Staphylococcus aureus
A. Group Aß-hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus
Rationale: Both Group Aß-hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus are common pathogens responsible for skin infections. They can be isolated from various skin conditions, including impetigo, cellulitis, and abscesses. While both Group A -hemolytic streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus individually can cause skin infections, the combination of the two represents a broader range of common skin infections. Klebsiella (Option C) is less commonly associated with skin infections compared to the other options.
When you see a lesion with a honey colored crust near the nose and you suspect MRSA, the best choice for topical medicine would be
A. Retapamulin
B. Mupirocin
C. Neomycin
D. Gentamycin
E. Polymyxin B sulfate
Answer: B. Mupirocin
Rationale: Mupirocin (often branded as Bactroban) is a topical antibiotic that is effective against MRSA. It is commonly used to treat impetigo and can also be used for nasal decolonization of MRSA.
- Effective in the treatment of erythematous papules and telangiectasia in the absence of comedones on the face
A. Clindamycin
B. Metronidazole
C. Azelaic acid
D. Clindamycin and metronidazole
E. Metronidazole and azelaic acid
B. Metronidazole
Rationale: The description of erythematous papules and telangiectasia in the absence of comedones on the face is suggestive of rosacea. Metronidazole is a commonly prescribed topical treatment for rosacea. While azelaic acid (Option C) is also used to treat rosacea, metronidazole is more specifically associated with treating the erythematous papules and telangiectasia of rosacea. Clindamycin (Option A) is more commonly used for acne rather than rosacea. The combination options (D and E) are not the standard first-line treatments for rosacea.
- Results in chain termination of the herpes virus DNA *
A. acyclovir triphosphate
B. deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP)
C. acyclovir monophosphate
D. acyclovir (9-[2-hydroxymethyl]guanine)
Answer: A. acyclovir triphosphate
Rationale: Acyclovir is an antiviral medication used primarily to treat herpes simplex virus infections. Once inside the cell, acyclovir is phosphorylated to acyclovir triphosphate, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) for incorporation into the growing DNA chain. Once incorporated, it results in premature chain termination, inhibiting viral DNA replication.
- May cause neurotoxicity and hematotoxicity *
A. permethrin
B. sulfur suspension
C. crotamiton
D. lindane
D. lindane (HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE)
Rationale: Lindane is an organochlorine insecticide used in some treatments for lice and scabies. However, it has potential side effects, including neurotoxicity and hematotoxicity. Due to its toxicities and potential for environmental harm, its use has been restricted or banned in many countries.
- In patients with widespread vitiligo, using this would create a uniform depigmentation *
A. glutathione
B. monobenzone
C. hydroquinone
D. mequinol
B. monobenzone
Rationale: Monobenzone is a compound used to cause depigmentation of the skin. In patients with widespread vitiligo, it can be used to depigment the remaining normal skin to achieve a uniform skin tone.
- Combined with phototherapy for vitiligo *
A. trioxsalen
B. methoxalen
C. methotrexate
D. tacrolimus
A. trioxsalen
Rationale: Trioxsalen is a type of psoralen used in combination with ultraviolet A (UVA) light in a treatment called PUVA (psoralen plus UVA) therapy. This combination is effective for various skin conditions, including vitiligo. When trioxsalen is taken orally or applied topically, it sensitizes the skin to the effects of UVA light, promoting repigmentation in vitiligo patches.
- Physical sunscreens contain *
A. titanium dioxide
B. para amino benzoic acid
C. dibenzoyl methane
D. benzophenone
A. titanium dioxide
Rationale: Titanium dioxide is a physical (or mineral) sunscreen agent. Physical sunscreens work by sitting on the skin’s surface and reflecting or scattering UV radiation. They are often recommended for those with sensitive skin or skin conditions like rosacea.
- Prolonged use promotes dermal collagen synthesis, new blood vessel formation, and thickening of the epidermis*
A. brimonidine
B. tretinoin
C. adapalene
D. tazarotene
B. tretinoin
Rationale: Tretinoin, a form of vitamin A, is commonly used to treat acne and signs of skin aging. Prolonged use can promote dermal collagen synthesis, lead to the formation of new blood vessels, and cause thickening of the epidermis, which can improve the appearance of the skin.
- Least responsive to topical corticosteroid *
A. keloid
B. seborrheic dermatitis
C. atopic dermatitis
D. psoriasis
A. keloid
Rationale: Keloids are overgrowths of scar tissue that result from an overly aggressive healing process. They are less responsive to topical corticosteroids compared to other skin conditions. While corticosteroids can sometimes be used to reduce inflammation and flatten keloids, they are not always effective, and keloids have a tendency to recur.
