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Pharma 1 (DUMP) > Diurteics > Flashcards

Diurteics Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following drugs inhibits the enzyme that prevents dehydration of H2CO3 in the proximal convoluted tubule?

A) Furosemide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Acetazolamide
D) Spironolactone

A

C) Acetazolamide
Rationale: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that prevents the dehydration of H2CO3 in the proximal convoluted tubule.

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2
Q

Which drug is an SGLT2 inhibitor used for the treatment of hyperglycemia?

A) Brinzolamide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Triamterene

A

B) Canagliflozin
Rationale: Canagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor used for the treatment of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.

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3
Q

Loop diuretics inhibit which transporter?

A) Na/K/2Cl transporter
B) Na/Cl transporter
C) Sodium/glucose cotransporter
D) Carbonic anhydrase enzyme

A

A) Na/K/2Cl transporter
Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as Furosemide, inhibit the Na/K/2Cl transporter in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop.

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT a clinical application of Thiazides?

A) Hypertension
B) Glaucoma
C) Mild heart failure
D) Nephrolithiasis

A

B) Glaucoma
Rationale: Thiazides are used for hypertension, mild heart failure, nephrolithiasis, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, but not for glaucoma.

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5
Q

Which drug is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks epithelial sodium channels in collecting tubules?

A) Amiloride
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Furosemide
D) Mannitol

A

A) Amiloride
Rationale: Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks epithelial sodium channels in collecting tubules, reducing Na retention and K wasting.

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6
Q

Which drug has a physical osmotic effect on tissue water distribution?

A) Spironolactone
B) Tolvaptan
C) Mannitol
D) Acetazolamide

A

C) Mannitol
Rationale: Mannitol has a physical osmotic effect on tissue water distribution because it is retained in the vascular compartment.

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7
Q

Which of the following drugs is an antagonist at V1 and V2 ADH receptors?

A) Conivaptan
B) Canagliflozin
C) Eplerenone
D) Metolazone

A

A) Conivaptan
Rationale: Conivaptan is an antagonist at V1 and V2 ADH receptors, reducing water reabsorption and increasing plasma Na concentration.

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8
Q

Which drug is NOT recommended in severe renal or liver disease?

A) Canagliflozin
B) Brinzolamide
C) Triamterene
D) Mannitol

A

A) Canagliflozin
Rationale: Canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, is not recommended in severe renal or liver disease.

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9
Q

Which drug is known to cause hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis?

A) Triamterene
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Furosemide
D) Acetazolamide

A

A) Triamterene
Rationale: Triamterene, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis.

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10
Q

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of increased intracranial pressure?

A) Mannitol
B) Spironolactone
C) Canagliflozin
D) Tolvaptan

A

A) Mannitol
Rationale: Mannitol is used for the treatment of increased intracranial pressure due to its osmotic diuretic properties.

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11
Q

Which drug is a pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone in collecting tubules?
A) Spironolactone
B) Furosemide
C) Dapagliflozin
D) Brinzolamide

A

A) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that acts as a pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone in collecting tubules.

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12
Q

Which of the following drugs is used topically for glaucoma?
A) Brinzolamide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Hydrochlorothiazide

A

A) Brinzolamide
Rationale: Brinzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used topically for the treatment of glaucoma.

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13
Q

Which drug is known to cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis?
A) Furosemide
B) Amiloride
C) Acetazolamide
D) Tolvaptan

A

A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis due to increased NaCl excretion and K wasting.

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14
Q

Which of the following is a clinical application of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Hypertension
C) Glaucoma
D) Aldosteronism

A

C) Glaucoma
Rationale: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, such as Acetazolamide, are used for the treatment of glaucoma.

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15
Q

Which drug is a selective antagonist at V2 ADH receptors?
A) Tolvaptan
B) Conivaptan
C) Spironolactone
D) Furosemide

A

A) Tolvaptan
Rationale: Tolvaptan is a selective antagonist at V2 ADH receptors, reducing water reabsorption and increasing plasma Na concentration.

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16
Q

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of mountain sickness?
A) Acetazolamide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan

A

A) Acetazolamide
Rationale: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used for the treatment of mountain sickness.

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17
Q

Which drug inhibits the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Furosemide
C) Canagliflozin
D) Mannitol

A

A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule.

18
Q

Which of the following drugs is known to reduce intraocular pressure?
A) Mannitol
B) Canagliflozin
C) Furosemide
D) Spironolactone

A

A) Mannitol
Rationale: Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, is known to reduce intraocular pressure.

19
Q

Which drug is known to cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis?
A) Acetazolamide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Furosemide

A

A) Acetazolamide
Rationale: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to reduced reabsorption of HCO3-.

20
Q

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan

A

A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, is used for the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

21
Q

Which drug is known to cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hyperuricemia?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Amiloride
C) Acetazolamide
D) Tolvaptan

A

A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, can cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hyperuricemia.

22
Q

Which of the following drugs is NOT a loop diuretic?
A) Furosemide
B) Bumetanide
C) Canagliflozin
D) Torsemide

A

C) Canagliflozin
Rationale: Canagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor, not a loop diuretic.

23
Q

Which drug is known to cause gynecomastia?
A) Spironolactone
B) Furosemide
C) Canagliflozin
D) Mannitol

A

A) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause gynecomastia due to its weak antagonism of androgen receptors.

24
Q

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of pulmonary edema?
A) Furosemide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan

A

A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is used for the treatment of pulmonary edema.

25
Q

Which drug is known to cause ototoxicity?
A) Furosemide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Canagliflozin
D) Mannitol

A

A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause ototoxicity.

26
Q

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of SIADH?
A) Tolvaptan
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Furosemide

A

A) Tolvaptan
Rationale: Tolvaptan, a vasopressin (ADH) antagonist, is used for the treatment of SIADH.

27
Q

Which drug is known to cause hyperammonemia in cirrhotics?
A) Acetazolamide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Furosemide

A

A) Acetazolamide
Rationale: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can cause hyperammonemia in cirrhotics.

28
Q

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of hypokalemia due to other diuretics?
A) Spironolactone
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan

A

A) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, is used for the treatment of hypokalemia due to other diuretics.

29
Q

Which drug is known to reduce body pH?
A) Acetazolamide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Furosemide

A

A) Acetazolamide
Rationale: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can reduce body pH due to reduced reabsorption of HCO3-.

30
Q

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of aldosteronism from any cause?
A) Spironolactone
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan

A

A) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, is used for the treatment of aldosteronism from any cause.

31
Q

Which drug is known to cause hyperkalemia?
A) Spironolactone
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Furosemide

A

A) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause hyperkalemia.

32
Q

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of nephrolithiasis?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan

A

A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, is used for the treatment of nephrolithiasis.

33
Q

Which drug is known to cause hypovolemia?
A) Furosemide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Mannitol

A

A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause hypovolemia.

34
Q

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of hypertension?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan

A

A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, is used for the treatment of hypertension.

35
Q

Which drug is known to cause hypomagnesemia?
A) Furosemide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Mannitol

A

A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause hypomagnesemia.

36
Q

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of heart failure?
A) Furosemide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan

A

A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is used for the treatment of heart failure.

37
Q

Which drug is known to cause hyperuricemia?
A) Furosemide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Mannitol

A

A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause hyperuricemia.

38
Q

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of peripheral edema?
A) Furosemide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan

A

A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is used for the treatment of peripheral edema.

39
Q

Which drug is known to cause hyperglycemia?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Amiloride
C) Tolvaptan
D) Furosemide

A

A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, can cause hyperglycemia.

40
Q

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of acute hypercalcemia?
A) Furosemide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan

A

A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is used for the treatment of acute hypercalcemia.

Pharma 1 (DUMP) (16 decks)

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