Diurteics Flashcards
Which of the following drugs inhibits the enzyme that prevents dehydration of H2CO3 in the proximal convoluted tubule?
A) Furosemide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Acetazolamide
D) Spironolactone
C) Acetazolamide
Rationale: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that prevents the dehydration of H2CO3 in the proximal convoluted tubule.
Which drug is an SGLT2 inhibitor used for the treatment of hyperglycemia?
A) Brinzolamide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Triamterene
B) Canagliflozin
Rationale: Canagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor used for the treatment of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.
Loop diuretics inhibit which transporter?
A) Na/K/2Cl transporter
B) Na/Cl transporter
C) Sodium/glucose cotransporter
D) Carbonic anhydrase enzyme
A) Na/K/2Cl transporter
Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as Furosemide, inhibit the Na/K/2Cl transporter in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop.
Which of the following is NOT a clinical application of Thiazides?
A) Hypertension
B) Glaucoma
C) Mild heart failure
D) Nephrolithiasis
B) Glaucoma
Rationale: Thiazides are used for hypertension, mild heart failure, nephrolithiasis, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, but not for glaucoma.
Which drug is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks epithelial sodium channels in collecting tubules?
A) Amiloride
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Furosemide
D) Mannitol
A) Amiloride
Rationale: Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks epithelial sodium channels in collecting tubules, reducing Na retention and K wasting.
Which drug has a physical osmotic effect on tissue water distribution?
A) Spironolactone
B) Tolvaptan
C) Mannitol
D) Acetazolamide
C) Mannitol
Rationale: Mannitol has a physical osmotic effect on tissue water distribution because it is retained in the vascular compartment.
Which of the following drugs is an antagonist at V1 and V2 ADH receptors?
A) Conivaptan
B) Canagliflozin
C) Eplerenone
D) Metolazone
A) Conivaptan
Rationale: Conivaptan is an antagonist at V1 and V2 ADH receptors, reducing water reabsorption and increasing plasma Na concentration.
Which drug is NOT recommended in severe renal or liver disease?
A) Canagliflozin
B) Brinzolamide
C) Triamterene
D) Mannitol
A) Canagliflozin
Rationale: Canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, is not recommended in severe renal or liver disease.
Which drug is known to cause hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis?
A) Triamterene
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Furosemide
D) Acetazolamide
A) Triamterene
Rationale: Triamterene, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis.
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of increased intracranial pressure?
A) Mannitol
B) Spironolactone
C) Canagliflozin
D) Tolvaptan
A) Mannitol
Rationale: Mannitol is used for the treatment of increased intracranial pressure due to its osmotic diuretic properties.
Which drug is a pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone in collecting tubules?
A) Spironolactone
B) Furosemide
C) Dapagliflozin
D) Brinzolamide
A) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that acts as a pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone in collecting tubules.
Which of the following drugs is used topically for glaucoma?
A) Brinzolamide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Hydrochlorothiazide
A) Brinzolamide
Rationale: Brinzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used topically for the treatment of glaucoma.
Which drug is known to cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis?
A) Furosemide
B) Amiloride
C) Acetazolamide
D) Tolvaptan
A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis due to increased NaCl excretion and K wasting.
Which of the following is a clinical application of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Hypertension
C) Glaucoma
D) Aldosteronism
C) Glaucoma
Rationale: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, such as Acetazolamide, are used for the treatment of glaucoma.
Which drug is a selective antagonist at V2 ADH receptors?
A) Tolvaptan
B) Conivaptan
C) Spironolactone
D) Furosemide
A) Tolvaptan
Rationale: Tolvaptan is a selective antagonist at V2 ADH receptors, reducing water reabsorption and increasing plasma Na concentration.
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of mountain sickness?
A) Acetazolamide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan
A) Acetazolamide
Rationale: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used for the treatment of mountain sickness.
Which drug inhibits the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Furosemide
C) Canagliflozin
D) Mannitol
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule.
Which of the following drugs is known to reduce intraocular pressure?
A) Mannitol
B) Canagliflozin
C) Furosemide
D) Spironolactone
A) Mannitol
Rationale: Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, is known to reduce intraocular pressure.
Which drug is known to cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis?
A) Acetazolamide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Furosemide
A) Acetazolamide
Rationale: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to reduced reabsorption of HCO3-.
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, is used for the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Which drug is known to cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hyperuricemia?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Amiloride
C) Acetazolamide
D) Tolvaptan
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, can cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hyperuricemia.
Which of the following drugs is NOT a loop diuretic?
A) Furosemide
B) Bumetanide
C) Canagliflozin
D) Torsemide
C) Canagliflozin
Rationale: Canagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor, not a loop diuretic.
Which drug is known to cause gynecomastia?
A) Spironolactone
B) Furosemide
C) Canagliflozin
D) Mannitol
A) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause gynecomastia due to its weak antagonism of androgen receptors.
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of pulmonary edema?
A) Furosemide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan
A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is used for the treatment of pulmonary edema.
Which drug is known to cause ototoxicity?
A) Furosemide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Canagliflozin
D) Mannitol
A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause ototoxicity.
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of SIADH?
A) Tolvaptan
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Furosemide
A) Tolvaptan
Rationale: Tolvaptan, a vasopressin (ADH) antagonist, is used for the treatment of SIADH.
Which drug is known to cause hyperammonemia in cirrhotics?
A) Acetazolamide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Furosemide
A) Acetazolamide
Rationale: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can cause hyperammonemia in cirrhotics.
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of hypokalemia due to other diuretics?
A) Spironolactone
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan
A) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, is used for the treatment of hypokalemia due to other diuretics.
Which drug is known to reduce body pH?
A) Acetazolamide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Furosemide
A) Acetazolamide
Rationale: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can reduce body pH due to reduced reabsorption of HCO3-.
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of aldosteronism from any cause?
A) Spironolactone
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan
A) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, is used for the treatment of aldosteronism from any cause.
Which drug is known to cause hyperkalemia?
A) Spironolactone
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Furosemide
A) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause hyperkalemia.
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of nephrolithiasis?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, is used for the treatment of nephrolithiasis.
Which drug is known to cause hypovolemia?
A) Furosemide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Mannitol
A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause hypovolemia.
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of hypertension?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, is used for the treatment of hypertension.
Which drug is known to cause hypomagnesemia?
A) Furosemide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Mannitol
A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause hypomagnesemia.
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of heart failure?
A) Furosemide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan
A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is used for the treatment of heart failure.
Which drug is known to cause hyperuricemia?
A) Furosemide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Mannitol
A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause hyperuricemia.
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of peripheral edema?
A) Furosemide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan
A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is used for the treatment of peripheral edema.
Which drug is known to cause hyperglycemia?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Amiloride
C) Tolvaptan
D) Furosemide
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, can cause hyperglycemia.
Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of acute hypercalcemia?
A) Furosemide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan
A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is used for the treatment of acute hypercalcemia.
