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[CE 130] Elements of Environmental and Energy Engineering > LE 2 CONCEPTS (M7) > Flashcards

LE 2 CONCEPTS (M7) Flashcards

1
Q

a function of soil type, rock type, antecedent water, and time.

A

rate of infiltration

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2
Q

includes all the material between the Earth’s surface and the zone of saturation

A

vadose zone

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3
Q

The upper boundary of the zone of saturation

A

water table

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4
Q

a layer of variable thickness that directly overlies the water table. Water is drawn up into this layer by capillary action.

A

capillary fringe

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5
Q

a formation that allows water to be accessible at a usable rate.

A

aquifer

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6
Q

have non-permeable layers, above and below the aquifer zone, referred to as aquitards or aquicludes

A

Confined aquifers

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7
Q

Sometimes a lens of non-permeable material will be found within more permeable material. Water percolating through the unsaturated zone will be intercepted by this layer and will accumulate on top of the lens.

A

perched aquifer

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8
Q

has no confining layers that retard vertical water movement

A

unconfined aquifer

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9
Q

confined under hydraulic pressure, resulting in free-flowing water, either from a spring or from a

A

Artesian aquifers

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10
Q

Processes that contribute to groundwater recharge

A
  • precipitation
  • streamflow
  • leakage
  • artificial means
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11
Q

any process that removes water from an
aquifer system

A

Groundwater discharge

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12
Q

the driving force that moves groundwater

A

Hydraulic head

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13
Q

Rate at which water and air move from upper to lower soil layers

A

Permeability

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14
Q

groundwater withdrawal exceeds natural recharge rates

A

Overdraft

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15
Q

emits alpha particles that can damage lung tissue

A

Radon

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16
Q

Long term exposure can lead to kidney problems

A

Uranium

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17
Q
  • A term used to denote any liquid which is immiscible with water
  • Associated with petroleum hydrocarbons such as those leaking
    from underground storage tanks or accidental spills from organic
    chemicals
A

Non-aqueous-Phase Liquids (NAPL)

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18
Q
  • Specific gravity less than water
  • Primarily associated with the production, refining, and distribution of petroleum products
A

Light NAPL (LNAPL)

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19
Q
  • Specific gravity greater than water
  • Related to a wide variety of industrial activities, including almost all facilities where degreasing, metal stripping, chemical manufacturing, or other activities involving chlorinated solvents were performed
A

Dense NAPL (DNAPL)

20
Q

Dissolved solids are carried along with the flowing fluid

A

Advection

21
Q

Mixing of the contaminant resulting from movement through complex pore structures

A

Dispersion

22
Q

Occurs when a concentration gradient exists

A

Diffusion

23
Q

the incorporation of a substance in one state into another of a different state

A

Absorption

24
Q

the physical adherence or bonding of ions and molecules onto the surface of another molecule

A

Adsorption

25
Q

as been established as a good adsorbent. Its effectiveness to remove heavy metals such as Zn, Pb, Cu, etc. has already been verified. Used in treatment of domestic and mining wastewater

A

Coco peat

26
Q

an oxidation-reduction reaction that is mediated by microorganism

A

Biodegradation

27
Q

refers to the cleanup or other methods used to remove or contain a toxic spill or hazardous materials from a contaminated site

A

Remediation

28
Q

prevent the pollutants in the soil or groundwater from spreading

A

Containment

29
Q

eradicate contaminated soil and/or pollutants

A

Removal

30
Q

technique application on contaminated soil and/or pollutants

A

Treatment

31
Q

subsurface barriers that impede or stop groundwater flow

A

Slurry walls

32
Q

consists of large sheets of iron that are
driven into the ground that have zero permeability

A

Sheet Piling

33
Q

based on manipulation of water pressures. They are generated by the pressure differentials arising from the extraction of injection of water using wells or drains

A

Hydraulic barriers

34
Q

A very common and widely used method for removing contaminated materials.

A

Excavation of contaminated soil

35
Q

the most widely used remediation technique for contaminated groundwater. One or more extraction wells are used to remove contaminated water from the subsurface

A

Pump-and-treat

36
Q

a fluid is pumped through a contaminated domain to enhance contaminant removal,bthe fluid used is AIR instead of water.

A

Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE) (Air Sparging)

37
Q

Chemical oxidation by pumping chemicals/oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate. (usually expensive)

A

Chemical Remediation

38
Q

any process that uses microorganisms, fungi, green plants or their enzymes to return the natural environment altered by contaminants to its original condition.

A

Bioremediation

39
Q

supplying air and nutrients to soil to stimulate indigenous bacteria

A

Bioventing

40
Q

involves supplying oxygen and nutrients by circulating aqueous solutions to stimulate naturally occurring bacteria to degrade organic contaminants.

A

In-situ Biodegradation

41
Q

involves the injection of air under pressure below the water table to increase groundwater oxygen concentrations and enhance the rate of biological degradation of contaminants by naturally occurring bacteria.

A

Biosparging

42
Q

involves the addition of microorganisms indigenous or exogenous to the contaminated sites

A

Bioaugmentation

43
Q

done through plowing; is a simple technique in which contaminated soil is excavated and spread over a prepared bed and periodically tilled until pollutants are degraded

A

Landfarming

44
Q

combine contaminated soil with manure, food waste and agricultural waste

A

Composting

45
Q

engineered cells are constructed as aerated composted piles. Hybrid landfarming to make degradation faster

A

Biopiles

46
Q

processing of contaminated solid material (soil, sediment, sludge) or water through an engineered containment system

A

Bioreactors

47
Q

Vegetation-based remediation shows potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants.

A

Phytoremediation

[CE 130] Elements of Environmental and Energy Engineering (6 decks)

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