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[CE 130] Elements of Environmental and Energy Engineering > LE 2 CONCEPTS (M6) > Flashcards

LE 2 CONCEPTS (M6) Flashcards

1
Q

American uses __________ of water per day. While, Filipinos use ___________ of water per day

A

300 L; 80 to 120 L

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2
Q

presence of elevated concentrations of substances in water, sediment or organisms, not necessarily means pollution unless, standard limits are exceeded

A

Water contamination

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3
Q
  • Occurs when a body of water is adversely affected due to the addition of large amounts of materials to the water.
  • When the water body is unfit for its intended use
A

Water Pollution

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4
Q

Pollution sources that could be directly pointed out or identified

A

Point Sources

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5
Q

delivers pollutants indirectly by passing through the continents (land surface) to the nearest water body à multiple discharge points

A

Non-point Sources

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6
Q

Any materials that can be oxidized in the receiving water with the consumption of molecular oxygen

A

Oxygen Demanding Materials

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7
Q

most important parameter for rivers, in
order for aquatic organisms to survive

A

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

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8
Q
  • Affects fishes that live only in cool water
  • Increase the rate of oxygen depletion à higher temp leads to faster metabolism for organisms and decrease in oxygen dissolution (reaeration)
A

Heat (Temperature)

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9
Q

allowable change in temp.

A

3 degree Celcius

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10
Q

Are considered pollutants when present in large amounts

A

Nutrients

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11
Q

a rapid increase in the population of algae in an aquatic system

A

Algal Bloom

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12
Q

Contaminates shallow groundwater (100 feet or less) and usually comes from fertilizers.

A

Nitrates

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13
Q

Gets in water from industrial processes and mining

A

Sulfate

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14
Q
  • Causes problems because it separates out of the water and forms particulates (sediment)
  • it tastes bad if it gets in our drinking water and can coat fish’s gills.
A

Iron

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15
Q

disease-causing organisms

A

Pathogens

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16
Q

General group of bacteria from animal wastes. It uses up available oxygen. Also causes E. coli disease.

A

Coliform Bacteria

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17
Q
  • Organic and inorganic particles that are carried by the wastewater into a
    receiving water
  • reduce clarity of water, also usefulness and value of the water (lower economic
    value since perceived as dirty water)
A

Suspended Solids

18
Q

can be consumed w/o concern for adverse health

A

Potable Water

19
Q

pleasant to drink but not necessarily safe

A

Palatable Water

20
Q
  • Measured in Pt-Co (Platinum-Cobalt) units or True color units (Tcu)
  • Can also be measured in absorbance at specific wavelength (nm), using a colorimeter or spectrophotometer
A

Color

21
Q
  • For monitoring and aesthetic purpose
  • Subjective measurement
A

Taste and Odor

22
Q

Caused by suspended solids in
the water, which scatter light

A

Turbidity

23
Q
  • Should be measured in situ
  • For compliance monitoring and control
A

Temperature

24
Q

A measure of ability to carry an electrical current, which is actually carried by ions

A

Conductivity

25
Q

Represents the total amount of inorganic and organic substance in the water
(mg/L)

A

Total Dissolved Solids

26
Q
  • The amount of oxygen gas dissolved in a given volume of water at a particular temperature and pressure (mg/L)
  • The most important parameter for rivers
A

Dissolved Oxygen Content or DO

27
Q

respiration of organisms, benthic demand, organics oxidation (major)

A

Common Sinks

28
Q

photosynthesis, reaeration (major)

A

Common Sources

29
Q

Amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to decompose the organic matter in a sample of water

A

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

30
Q

Amount of oxygen needed to chemically oxidize organic compounds present in wastewater

A

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

31
Q

Determined by oxidation at high temperature and use of a suitable catalyst

A

Total Oxygen Demand

32
Q
  • Presence of multi-valent cations
  • Expressed usually in mg/L as CaCO3
  • Makes water not lather well
A

Hardness

33
Q

Substances that oxidize in the receiving body of water with the consumption of dissolved oxygen

A

Oxygen-Demanding Wastes

34
Q

quantifies the theoretical required amount of oxygen to oxidize a substance to carbon dioxide

A

Theoretical Oxygen Demand (ThOD)

35
Q

The amount of oxygen to completely decompose or stabilize all the biodegradable organics in a given volume of water

A

Ultimate BOD

36
Q

The reaction rate (k) is dependent on the following:

A
  1. Nature of the waste
  2. Ability of the organisms in the system to use the waste
  3. Temperature
37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

  • Not all water depths reach 100%
    saturation
  • DO can remain below 100% due to
    the respiration of aquatic organisms
    and microbial decomposition
A

TRUE

38
Q

the imaginary water boundary water temperature begins to decline

A

Thermocline

39
Q

Aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources

A

Philippine Clean Water Act (RA 9275) (2004)

40
Q
  • It repealed the DAO 1990-34 and modified the DAO 1990-35, both of which were the standards followed for the classification of water bodies, and effluent standard quality, respectively.
  • Water quality parameters to be monitored are set per industry.
A

Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016 or DAO 2016-08

41
Q

Water Body Classification and Usage of Freshwater

A
  • Class AA: watersheds
  • Class A: sources of water supply
  • Class B: recreation
  • Class C: fishery water
  • Class D: navigable waters

[CE 130] Elements of Environmental and Energy Engineering (6 decks)

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