LE 1 CONCEPTS (M4 - M5.2) Flashcards
“Matter can neither
be created nor
destroyed”
Conservation of Matter
“Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.”
Conservation of Energy
The total amount of energy
and matter is constant.
Conservation of Matter and Energy
Any arbitrary portion of or a whole process that you want to consider for analysis. Reactor, the cell, mitochondria, human body, section of a pipe
Systems
Type of System where material can enter through the boundaries
Open System
Type of system where material neither enters nor leaves the system. Changes can take place inside the system
Closed System
Type of system that cannot be observed
Isolated System
The output from the system is
the same as the contents of
the system
Completely mixed system
Each drop of fluid along the
direction of flow is unique and,
if no reactions take place, has
the same concentration and
properties as when it had first
entered the system
Plug flow system
Feed is fed at the beginning of the process
Batch process
The input and outputs flow continuously
throughout the duration of process
Continuous Process
Any process neither batch nor continuous
Semi-batch Process
the pollutant does not change form
over time
Conservative pollutant
pollutant that undergoes
physical, chemical, or biological processes inside the
system
Non-conservative pollutant
Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed (without nuclear reaction). It
may change forms
1st Law of Thermodynamics
allow energy and
matter to move into and out of the system freely
Open Energy Systems
allow energy but not mass to move into and out of the system freely
Closed Energy Systems
does not exchange heat, work, or material with the surroundings
Isolated system
a device that
harnesses the kinetic
energy of some fluid - such
as water, steam, air, or
combustion gases - and
turns this into the
rotational motion of the
device itself
turbine
The most common form of heat transfer and occurs via direct contact
Conduction
transfer of heat by a mixing fluid
Convection
generated from the emission of electromagnetic waves
Radiation
Energy required to cause a phase change of a unit mass from a solid to a liquid at constant pressure
Latent heat of fusion or enthalpy of fusion
Energy required to cause a phase change of a unit mass from a liquid to a gas at constant pressure
Latent heat of vaporization or enthalpy of vaporization
Energy flows from a region of higher
concentration to one of lesser
concentration, and the quality
degrades as it transformed
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
a left-over, a redundant product or material of no or marginal value for the owner and which the owner wants to discard
Solid wastes
discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes
Solid Waste Management
RA 9003
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
RA 6969
Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990
RA 9275
Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
RA 8749
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
PD 1586
Phil. Environmental Impact Statement System
RA 9512
Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008
Classification of Waste as defined by RA 9003
- Compostables
- Recyclables
- Special Wastes
- Residuals
SP-2140
Plastic Bag Reduction Ordinance
SP-2868
Total Plastic Ban in Retail
SP-2876
Total Ban for single-use
plastics/disposable materials
RA 11898
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Act of 2022
NSWMC
National Solid Waste Management Commission
WACS
Waste Analysis and Characterization Study
The amount of waste generated per person per day
Waste Generation Rate
Elements of a SWM System
- Solid Waste Generation
- Handling and Storage
- Collection
- Transfer to Central Storage Facility
- Processing Facility
- Product Utilization
- Disposal
The 5Rs
Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, Recycle
2 Types of Collection
- Curbside Collection
- Drop-off Center
Facility wherein recyclables are
sorted according to the materials
the recycling market demands
Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)
the transformation of organic material through decomposition into a biologically humus-rich substance suitable for growing plants
Composting
using worms to recycle
food scraps and other organic material into a valuable soil amendment
Vermicomposting
piling organic matter or
biodegradable waste in
long rows
Windrow Composting
