LE 1 CONCEPTS (M4 - M5.2) Flashcards
“Matter can neither
be created nor
destroyed”
Conservation of Matter
“Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.”
Conservation of Energy
The total amount of energy
and matter is constant.
Conservation of Matter and Energy
Any arbitrary portion of or a whole process that you want to consider for analysis. Reactor, the cell, mitochondria, human body, section of a pipe
Systems
Type of System where material can enter through the boundaries
Open System
Type of system where material neither enters nor leaves the system. Changes can take place inside the system
Closed System
Type of system that cannot be observed
Isolated System
The output from the system is
the same as the contents of
the system
Completely mixed system
Each drop of fluid along the
direction of flow is unique and,
if no reactions take place, has
the same concentration and
properties as when it had first
entered the system
Plug flow system
Feed is fed at the beginning of the process
Batch process
The input and outputs flow continuously
throughout the duration of process
Continuous Process
Any process neither batch nor continuous
Semi-batch Process
the pollutant does not change form
over time
Conservative pollutant
pollutant that undergoes
physical, chemical, or biological processes inside the
system
Non-conservative pollutant
Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed (without nuclear reaction). It
may change forms
1st Law of Thermodynamics
allow energy and
matter to move into and out of the system freely
Open Energy Systems
allow energy but not mass to move into and out of the system freely
Closed Energy Systems
does not exchange heat, work, or material with the surroundings
Isolated system
a device that
harnesses the kinetic
energy of some fluid - such
as water, steam, air, or
combustion gases - and
turns this into the
rotational motion of the
device itself
turbine
The most common form of heat transfer and occurs via direct contact
Conduction
transfer of heat by a mixing fluid
Convection
generated from the emission of electromagnetic waves
Radiation
Energy required to cause a phase change of a unit mass from a solid to a liquid at constant pressure
Latent heat of fusion or enthalpy of fusion
Energy required to cause a phase change of a unit mass from a liquid to a gas at constant pressure
Latent heat of vaporization or enthalpy of vaporization
