LE 1 CONCEPTS (M1 - M3)

Question 1

• Environner, to encircle or surround
• All physical and biological surrounding of an organism along with their interactions

Answer 1

Environment

Question 2

Components of Natural Environment

Answer 2

Geosphere and Biosphere

Question 3

the branch of engineering concerned with the application of scientific and engineering principles for protection of human populations from the effects of adverse environmental factors; protection of environments, both local and global, from potentially deleterious effects of natural and human activities; and improvement of environmental quality

Answer 3

Environmental Engineering

Question 4

Largely defined by problems
rather than by technical/ scientific
methods

Answer 4

Environmental Engineering

Question 5

The introduction of substances or energy
into the environment, by people, liable to
cause harm to living creatures or
ecological systems

Answer 5

Pollution

Question 6

a field of engineering dealing with energy
efficiency, energy services, facility management, plant engineering, environmental compliance, sustainable energy and renewable energy technologies

Answer 6

Energy Engineering

Question 7

development that “meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

Answer 7

Sustainable Development

Question 8

meaning of MDGs by United Nations

Answer 8

Millennium Development Goals

Question 9

How many is the UN 2030 Agenda?

Answer 9

17 Sustainable Development Goals

Question 10

the sequence of eating and being eaten among the biotic components

Answer 10

food chain

Question 11

Refers to the position of an organism in a food chain

Answer 11

Trophic Level

Question 12

Occurs when the organism’s uptake of a substance is greater than the outtake (from all sources combined e.g. water, food, air, etc.)

Answer 12

Bioaccumulation

Question 13

occurs when the organism’s intake of a substance from water is greater than the outtake

Answer 13

Bioconcentration

Question 14

the process that results in the accumulation of a chemical in an organism at higher levels than are found in its own food

Answer 14

Biomagnification

Question 15

The movement or exchange of nutrients or essential compounds, in their various forms, among the biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere

Answer 15

Biogeochemical Cycles

Question 16

5 Major Biogeochemical Cycles

Answer 16

• Water Cycle
• Carbon Cycle
• Nitrogen Cycle
• Phosphorous Cycle
• Sulfur Cycle

Question 17

the 4th most abundant element in the universe and is the building block of life on earth. It is present in all life
forms; is also a key component of fossil fuels

Answer 17

Carbon

Question 18

Two components of Carbon Cycle: rapid carbon exchange among living organisms

Answer 18

Biological Carbon Cycle

Question 19

Two components of Carbon Cycle: dealing with long-term cycling of carbon through geologic processes

Answer 19

Geological Carbon Cycle

Question 20

converting gaseous nitrogen into forms usable by living organisms

Answer 20

Nitrogen fixation

Question 21

The biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere

Answer 21

Phosphorus cycle

Question 22

• found in every living cell (amino acids)
• Long used as a medicine
• component of penicillin-class antibiotics
• Medications for dandruff, and warts have this ingredient

Answer 22

Sulfur

Question 23

defined as the ability to produce change or do work

Answer 23

Energy

Question 24

the flow of electrons/ electrical power or
charge.

Answer 24

Electricity

Question 25

time rate at which work is done or
energy is transformed

Answer 25

Power

Question 26

2 Major Forms of Energy

Answer 26

Potential and Kinetic Energy

Question 27

energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. It is the energy that holds these particles together

Answer 27

Chemical Energy

Question 28

energy stored in objects by the application of a force

Answer 28

Stored Mechanical Energy

Question 29

energy stored in the nucleus of an atom—the energy that holds the nucleus together

Answer 29

Nuclear Energy

Question 30

the energy of position or place

Answer 30

Gravitational Energy

Question 31

the movement of electrons

Answer 31

Electrical Energy

Question 32

Electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves. Includes visible light, x-rays, gamma rays, and radio waves.

Answer 32

Radiant Energy

Question 33

the internal energy in substances—the vibration and movement of atoms
and molecules within substances

Answer 33

Thermal Energy

Question 34

the movement of objects and substances from one place to another

Answer 34

Motion Energy

Question 35

the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal (compression/rarefaction)
waves

Answer 35

Sound Energy

Question 36

Where do Earth’s natural energy resources come from?

Answer 36

• Fossil fuels
• Uranium
• Solar energy, Wind Energy, Tidal Energy etc.

Question 37

a natural resource that cannot be remade or re-grown at a scale comparable to its consumption

Answer 37

Nonrenewable resource

Question 38

natural resources that can be replenished in a short period of time

Answer 38

Renewable resources

Question 39

called “fossil fuels” because they have been formed from the fossilized remains of prehistoric plants and animals

Answer 39

Coal, Oil and Gas

Question 40

When sediment (the sea bed) contains more than 5% organic matter, it is called

Answer 40

black shale

Question 41

the basis of nuclear power which currently produces about 17% of the world’s electricity needs

Answer 41

Uranium

Question 41

not formed from marine organisms, but from the remains of land plants

Answer 41

Coal