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Some Part LC Biology > LC Ecology > Flashcards

LC Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology

A

the study of how living things interact with each other and their abiotic environment.

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2
Q

Ecosystem

A

a community of organisms and their interactions with their abiotic environment.

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3
Q

Biosphere

A

the part of the earth that supports life.

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4
Q

Habitat

A

The place where a species live.

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5
Q

Niche

A

the functional role of an organism in an ecosystem.

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6
Q

Abiotic factor

A

A non living factor that influences a community

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7
Q

Biotic factor

A

A living factor that influences a community

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8
Q

Community

A

A number of different species interacting with each other in an ecosystem

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9
Q

Population

A

a group of individuals of the same species

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10
Q

What is symbiosis

A

A close relationship between different species in which at least one benefits

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11
Q

What is competition

A

Struggle between organisms for the same limited resource

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12
Q

What’s is contest competiton

A

An active physical confrontation between 2organisms in which only one wins the resource

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13
Q

What is scramble competiton

A

A confrontation which results in each organism getting some of the resource

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14
Q

What is predation

A

The act of killing and eating another animal or organism for food

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15
Q

What is a predator

A

An animal or organism which kills and eats their prey

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16
Q

What is a climatic factor

A

Factors relating to long term weather conditions which affects thr distribution of organisms in an ecosystem

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17
Q

What is a edaphic factor

A

Factors relating to soil

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18
Q

What is a food web

A

Interconnected food chains

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19
Q

What is a food chain

A

Feeding relationship between organisms in which energy is transferred

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20
Q

What is parasitism

A

A symbiotic relationship where an organism benefits by living in or on another (the host) inflicting harm

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21
Q

What is prey

A

The animal hunted and killed by its predator

22
Q

What is the primary consumer

A

An organism which feeds on the primary producer

23
Q

What is a producer

A

An organism which makes its own food

24
Q

What is a pyramid of numbers

A

The approximate number of organisms at each tropic level in a food chain

25
Q

What is qualitative data

A

A survey which indicates whether a species os present or not

26
Q

What is quantitative data

A

A survey which records or estimates the numbers of species in a particular ecosystem

27
Q

What is a secondary consumer

A

An organism which feeds on the primary consumer

28
Q

What is a tertiary consumer

A

An organism which feeds on the secondary consumer

29
Q

What is a trophic level

A

The position of an organism in a food chain

30
Q

What is mutualism

A

Symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit, eg bacteria in the colon producing vitamin b2 and k

31
Q

What is commensalism

A

Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

32
Q

What is an example of an edaphic factor

A

SOIL: pH (add distilled water to soil, dip pH paper/ universal indicator paper and read the color change), temperature (thermometer in soil)

33
Q

What are the climatic factors

A

wind (prevailing winds/ southwest winds), long term rainfall, long term temperature

34
Q

What is an aspect or orientation factor

A

north facing - more shade, south facing - more sun, measure using compass

35
Q

How can the sunlight factor be measured

A

light intensity - light meter measured in lux, duration of light

36
Q

How many the rainfall factor be measured

A

A rain gauge

37
Q

What is nutrient recycling

A

The way elements are exchanged between living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. It ensures limited elements are reused and don’t run out.

38
Q

What is the role of nitrogen fixing bacteria in the nitrogen cycle

A

Convert nitrogen in the air to nitrates in the soil

39
Q

What is the role of plants in the nitrogen cycle

A

Absorbs the nitrates in the soil and produce plant proteins

40
Q

What is the role of animals in the nitrogen cycle

A

Eat plant proteins and convert to plant proteins

41
Q

What is the role of bacteria and fungi of decay in the nitrogen cycle

A

Breakdown these proteins to ammonia when the plants or animals die

42
Q

What is the role of nitrifying bacteria in the nitrogen cycle

A

Convert ammonia to nitrates in the soil

43
Q

What is the role of denitrfying bacteria in the nitrogen cycle

A

Convert nitrates in the soil to nitrogen gas

44
Q

What is decomposition

A

Decaying of a dead organism

45
Q

Explain an example of microorganisms in decay process

A

Compost heap: microorganisms like bacteria and fungi of decay break down organic waste in a compost heap, as this happens the temperature increases which eliminates most pathogenic bacteria

46
Q

What are four factors that affect human population

A

Famine, disease, war, contraception

47
Q

What are three human factors that impact on ecosystems

A

Pollution, conservation, waste management

48
Q

What is pollution

A

The harmful human addition to the environment

49
Q

What is an example of a pollutant in an area

A

Slurry and fertilisers in agricultural areas. It is washed or leached from the land into streams lakes and rivers which causes eutrophication and algae blooms

50
Q

What is eutrophication

A

When water becomes overenriched with nutrients and there is a rapid increase in algae growth. This causes a decrease in oxygen and fish die. This is due to algae drying and decomposing bacteria living off it using all oxygen that is available

51
Q

What is conservation

A

The protection and wise management of the environment or organisms

Some Part LC Biology (10 decks)

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