topic 2: mitosis and stem cells Flashcards
what is a gene
a short section of DNA that codes for a protein
how may chromosomes do sex cells have
23
what occurs during interphase
the cell grows and the DNA replicates
what occurs during prophase
DNA condenses into chromosomes and nuclear envelope disappears.
what occurs in metaphase
Chromosomes and their copies line up in the middle of the cell.
what occurs in anaphase
Chromosomes and their copies are pulled to different ends of the cell.
what occurs in telophase
New membranes form around the chromosomes at each end of the cell.
what occurs in cytokinesis
two identical diploid daughter cells are formed
why is mitosis important
growth and repair and asexual reproduction
what are embryonic stem cells
stem cells that are formed when an egg and sperm cell fuse, they can differentiate into any cell type
what are adult stem cells
stem cells found in bone marrow that have a limited number of cells they can differentiate into
what are meristematic stem cells
stem cells found in the root and shoot tips, can differentiate into any cell time throughout their life,
benefits of stem cells:
could replace damaged/diseased body parts, gives unwanted embryos from fertility clinics a use
problems with stem cells:
hard to control differentiation, results in destruction of embryo, ethical/religious issues, expensive.
