topic 4:evolution

Question 1

what is the process of speciation

Answer 1

variation exists due to genetic mutations, certain alleles give offspring a survival advantage, a population of the species may become isolated, different alleles may be more advantageous in the new environment leading to the becoming elected for reproduction, this repeats until the new population can no longer reproduce with the original so a new species has been made.

Question 2

what is the process of evolution

Answer 2

variation exists within a species, organisms with advantageous alleles to the environment are more likely to reproduce (survival of the fittest) the beneficial characteristics are passed on to the offspring, over generations the population with the advantage increase.

Question 3

what method is used for fossil evidence

Answer 3

carbon dating, a technique used by scientist to date bones, wood, paper and cloth

Question 4

who is the oldest known human ancestor

Answer 4

ardipithecus, 4.4million years ago, both ape and human so shows evidence for evolution/natural selection

Question 5

what’s significant about Lucy?

Answer 5

lived 3.2 million years ago, walked upright but had a chimp sized brain

Question 5

what’s significant about Lucy?

Answer 5

lived 3.2 million years ago, walked upright but had a chimp sized brain

Question 6

what’s signifiant about the pendactyl limb

Answer 6

it can be seen a number of very different organisms suggesting they all evolved from a common ancestor

Question 7

what are the five kingdoms

Answer 7

animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes, protists

Question 8

what are the three domains

Answer 8

bacteria, archaea and eukaryote

Question 9

what is each kingdom divided into

Answer 9

phylum, class, genus, order, species