LC Enzymes

Question 1

What is a catalyst

Answer 1

Speeds up reactions without being involved themselves.

Question 2

What is an enzyme

Answer 2

Biological catalysts made of protein, whey speed up a reaction without being used up themselves in the reaction

Question 3

Describe the shape of enzymes

Answer 3

3D, complex and globular

Question 4

What is the substrate

Answer 4

The substance that the enzyme acts on

Question 5

What is the product/s

Answer 5

The substance/s that the enzyme forms

Question 6

What is a catabolic reaction

Answer 6

Breaks a big molecule into smaller molecules and energy is released

Question 7

Example of catabolic enzyme and reaction

Answer 7

Amylase, respiration/ digestion

Question 8

What is an anabolic reaction

Answer 8

Converts small molecules into larger molecules and energy is needed

Question 9

Example of anabolic enzyme and reaction

Answer 9

DNA polymerase, DNA production

Question 10

What does substrate specific mean

Answer 10

Enzymes are substrate specific so only work on a particular substrate that fits its active site.

Question 11

What Is the active site

Answer 11

The part of the enzyme that combines with the substrate

Question 12

What is the induced fit theory

Answer 12

When the substrate enters the active site, it causes it to change shape slightly, the enzyme then fits more precisely around the substrate.

Question 13

What are the steps of enzyme action

Answer 13

1. The substrate combines with the active site of the enzyme, 2. The active site changes shape slightly to better fit the substrate, 3. The substrate and enzyme form an enzyme substrate complex, the bonds in the substrate are altered so that the substrate changes into the products, 4. The products leave the active site, active site returns to original shape.

Question 14

Are enzyme reactions reversible or irreversible

Answer 14

Reversible

Question 15

How are enzymes named

Answer 15

By adding the suffix ase to their substrate

Question 16

What is denaturation

Answer 16

When an enzyme can no longer function permanently due to the active site changing shape, its irreversible

Question 17

What are the factors that affect enzyme action

Answer 17

Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration

Question 18

WHat happens when temperatures exceed roughly 65 for enzymes

Answer 18

They denature

Question 19

What temp do plant enzymes work best at

Answer 19

20-30

Question 20

What pH do most enzymes work best at

Answer 20

Between 6-8

Question 21

What is an exception to optimum pH

Answer 21

Pepsin in the stomach works best at 2

Question 22

What are inhibitors

Answer 22

They attach to enzymes and destroy their shape, when this happens they are denatured

Question 23

What are beneficial inhibitors

Answer 23

Insecticides affect enzymes in insects causing their death, antibiotics can affect enzymes in bacteria causing bacteria to die

Question 24

What is bio-processing and example

Answer 24

The use of enzyme in controlled reactions to produce a product an example of is beer and antibiotics

Question 25

What are immobilized enzymes

Answer 25

Enzymes that are trapped in a gel so they can be separated easily from the products and used repeatedly.

Question 26

What is a bioreactor

Answer 26

The container into which the microorganisms or enzymes are added to the substrate to produce a product, it’s usually a steel vat.

Question 27

What are three physical methods to immobilize enzymes

Answer 27

Adsorption: enzymes are attached to materials like glass beads, enclosed in a membrane, trapped in a gel usually sodium alginate.

Question 28

What are two chemical methods to immobilize enzymes

Answer 28

Bonded to a support like glass beads chemically, bonded to each other chemically.

Question 29

Advantages of immobilized enzymes

Answer 29

Enzymes are more stable, can be reused, easily recovered or separated so you can get a pure sample of product

Question 30

Example and use of immobilized enzymes

Answer 30

Lactose to glucose and galactose by lactase. Glucose is used in sweeteners in energy drink industry