law

Question 1

what;s criminal law

Answer 1

smne commits crime against SOCIETY n police arrest suspect

crime shatters collectie sense of security

Question 2

who decides whether there’s enough evid of motive to press formal charges

Answer 2

crown attorney

Question 3

what is civil law

Answer 3

party complains against another for VIOLATION former’s rights

PRIVATE cases bw comapnies n individuals

Question 4

common cause of innocent being convicted

Answer 4

erroneous eyewitness

Question 5

jurors tend to rely hevaily on eyewitnesses thereby

Answer 5

overestimating their accuracy

Question 6

accuracy of eyewitness depends on…

Answer 6

viewing conditions at time of crime

Question 7

how to be acurate eyewitness?

Answer 7

successfully complete 3 stages memory processing:
1 acquisition
2 storage
3 retrieval

Question 8

acquisition: notice env, but humans cannot notice everything, therefore we

Answer 8

have selective attention - acquire subset of info

Question 9

srcs of error reducing accruacy in acquisition:

Answer 9

1 distance
2 weapon presence (will be focus)
3 unfamiliar w pple/event - biases like own race bias

Question 10

own race bias

Answer 10

better at recognizing fae of own race

Question 11

storage -> reconstructive memory

Answer 11

memories distorted by new info introducd AFTER event

eg yield vs stop sign

Question 12

srcs of error in storage that decr accuracy

Answer 12

src monitoring:

Question 13

src monitoring

Answer 13

process by which u try to identify SRC of memory - many mistakes + reconstructive memory

Question 14

retrieval : src of error in recall info from storage

Answer 14

best guest problem - false id occurs when believe perpetrator is present - approximates more than being 100% sure

Question 15

how to improve eyewitness accuracy in police lineup?

Answer 15

1 erbody resembles suspect description
2 tell witness they may or may not be there
3 now always include suspet in initial lineup
4 conducter shouldnt now whos suspect either
5 present sequentially rather than simultaneous
6 minimize time bw crime n lineup

Question 16

is a witness’ confidence strongly correlated w their accuracy?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

what else decreases accuracy eyewitness

Answer 17

more faces to compare and verbal descriptions

Question 18

ways to improve eyewitness testimony accuracy?

Answer 18

cognitive interview
or
context reinstatement

Question 19

cognitive interview

Answer 19

focus attention on details n context of event

Question 20

context reinstatement

Answer 20

physically return to scene of crime

Question 21

recovered memories

Answer 21

recollections that have been forgotten or repressed

Question 22

false memory syndrome

Answer 22

recall past trauma that’s objectively FALSE but personally accept as TRUE

Question 23

how jurors process info during trial

Answer 23

choose testimony that explains most evidence then try to fit story to verdicts

Question 24

story order

Answer 24

evidence presented in order of seq of events

Question 25

witness order

Answer 25

witnesses presented in order in which LAWYER think will have greatest impat

Question 26

which info order sways juror most?

Answer 26

story order

Question 27

false confessions likely to occur if:

Answer 27

1 prolonged stressful interrogation 2 suspect highly suggestible/dumb 3 coercive tactics

Question 28

possible remedy to false confessions?

Answer 28

videotape

Question 29

problems w recordings?

Answer 29

camera angle can influence perceptions - looks more voluntary if only suspect - may not see full interaction, miss important context

Question 30

minorities during deliberations in jury likely to...

Answer 30

pressured to conform w majority

Question 31

do severe penalties deter crime? deterrence theory

Answer 31

refrain from criminal activitiy bc of threat of legal punishment (swift, certain, severe) - but rarely is so

Question 32

problems w deterrence theory

Answer 32

1 not everybody knows penalities 2 not every crime is RATIONAL - usually impulsive, emotional

Question 33

what's effective in deterring crime then?

Answer 33

incr certainty of getting CAUGHT rather than severity punishment