chap 10 proscoial behav

Question 1

prosocial behav

Answer 1

action w goal of benefiting other person

Question 2

altruism

Answer 2

desire to help others even if it costs helper

Question 3

what does evolutionary psych suggest how altruism evolved? even tho it contradicts survival

Answer 3

kin selection reciprocity norm social norms

Question 4

how does kin selection play into how altruism evolved?

Answer 4

kin selection is a form of natural selection that helps favor genetic relative w purpose to increase chance that genes passed on

Question 5

reciprocity norm

Answer 5

expectation that helping others will incr likelihood they’ll help us in future

Question 6

how does ability to learn social norms influence origins of altruism?

Answer 6

adapt to learn social norms n value helping others - cooperative ppl more likely to survive

Question 7

social xchange theory argues that prosocial behav: the costs n rewards of helping

Answer 7

based on self interest & stems from desire to maximize outcomes n minim costs ie benefit must be high otherwise seen as inconvenience and decr helping behav

Question 8

define empathy

Answer 8

ability to experience events n emotions the way smne else does

Question 9

empathy - altruism hypothesis : the pure motive of helping w/out gain

Answer 9

when empathetic for smne, we’ll attempt to help out of pure altruism

Question 10

empathy altruism hyp illustrated

Answer 10

Question 11

3 basic motives underlying prosocial behav:

Answer 11

1 evolutionary psych: help those genetically similar to us

2 social xhange theory: reward of helping outweigh costs

3 empathy-altruism hyp: feelings of empathy for others incr liklihood to help altruistically

Question 12

2. personal determinants of prosocial behav: individual differences

Answer 12

gender

culture

mood

Question 13

altruistic personality

Answer 13

characteristic of person that incr their likelihood to help others in certain situations

Question 14

gender difference sin prosocial behav: men

Answer 14

likely to perform acts of BRAVERY n HEROISM

Question 15

gender diff in prosocial behav: women

Answer 15

more likely to give supportive long-term help

Question 16

cultural diff in prosocial behav:

Answer 16

likely to help in group members more than out groups

and incr likelihood to help in collectivistic cultures

Question 17

collectivistic cultures

Answer 17

more likely to help in group members than out groupies

Question 18

effects of mood on prosocial behav: results on feel good, do good study

Answer 18

more likely to help if in good mood beforehand (find money before seeing smne in need of help)

Question 19

why does good mood affect our likelihood to help?

Answer 19

allows us to look on bright side,

helping others prolongs our good mood,

incr self awareness - therefore try to match actions w values to attain ideal self

Question 20

what else other than good mood affects likelihood of helping others?

Answer 20

we feel sad, guilty or distressed -> negative-state relief hypothesis

Question 21

negative - state relief hypothesis:

Answer 21

intention of helping is to alleviate own sadness n distress

we think good deeds will cancel out our bad deeds to reduce sad feelings, related to soial xhange theory, help based on ur own self interest to reduce feelings of distress

Question 22

situational /environmental determinants of prosocial behav:

rural vs urban

Answer 22

less stimulations vs more stimulation

if put in urbanites in rural and ruralites in urban, they’ll adapt to where they are.

DENSITy affects likelihood of helping others -> urban overolad hyp

in general rural areas help more

Question 23

urban - overload hypothesis:

Answer 23

urbanites constantly bombarded w stimulation, they keep to themselves to aVOID OVERload

Question 24

how does residential mobility affect prosocial behav?

Answer 24

longer u live in 1 place, more likely to help community bc:

1 greater attachment

2 mroe dependence on neighbors

3 greater concern w reputation amongst neighbors

Question 25

bystander intervention:

latane n darley model

ie the bystander effect

Answer 25

greater # bystanders witnessing an emergency, less likely anyone will help bc responsibility is diffused

eg kitty murder appt building

Question 26

study on bystander effect

Answer 26

confederate has seizure, more likely to help if less pple in room

if more pple, will wait longer n less likely to intervene bc diffusion of responsibility among bystanders

Question 27

latane & darley showed what process?

Answer 27

pple go thru 5 decision - making steps before helping smne in emergency

if any one of the steps not taken by bystander, will not help

Question 28

latane & darley’s 5 decision - making steps:

Answer 28

1 notice event

2 interpret event as emergency

3 assume responsability

4 know how to help

5 decide to help

Question 29

what’ll decr likelihood of helping according to latane & darley model:

Answer 29

1 distracted, in a hurry

2 look to see if anyone else thinks it’s an emergency - seeks social info, if other r blank, wont help: pluralistic ignorance

3 more pple, likely to diffuse responsibility n not take initiative bc expect others to help

4 lack knowledge n competence of how to help

5 costs of helping too high - danger to self, embarrassment, legal concerns

Question 30

prosocial behav in relationships:

communal vs exchange

Answer 30

xchange: concerned w EQUITy n keep track of who’s contributing what
communal: concerned w responding to their NEEDs that benefits in return

Question 31

how to increase helping? instilling helpfulness w rewards n models

Answer 31

reward prosocial acts w praise, smiles hugs

or

be a model of prosocial behav to children

Question 32

what to be careful about when rewarding for prosocial behav?

Answer 32

external reward may undermine intrinstic motivation therefore motivate by complimenting on actions n how it contributes to society despite no external rewards

Question 33

how to incr likelihood bystanders will intervene by teaching bout bystander effect n determinants of prosocial behav”

Answer 33

incr self awareness of why they dont help leads to more help in future

&

reduces diffusion of responsibility by pointing to bystander n give SPECIFIC instructions