chap8 group processes Flashcards
define group
collection 3+ pple who interact & r interdependent (needs n goals cause them to rely on one another)
2 pple group referred to as
dyad
why join groups / benefits of group membership
1 src info 2 helps define our identity 3 motivate to become involved in social change 4 establish social norms (iplicit n explicit rules of acceptable behav)
composition of group
3-6 members, if too large, unlikely interact group diversity LOW bc groups attract pple who’re similar groups operate in ways that encourage similarity
functions of group
social norms social roles
define social norms
specify how groupies should behave
what r social roles
shared expectations of how pple supposed to behave
how r social roles helpful
know what to expect from each other
how can social roles be detrimental
if roles embraced to extent where we lose personal identity
stanford exp
students paid to act as prison guard or prisoner, students conformed to social role, but guards lost sense of decency, prisoners extremely psych distraught. all were normal pple before, but conforming to social roles and norms caused to lose moral standards.
critisicms of stanford exp
ehtical issues, failed to implement proper scientific controls ppts aware of hyp therefore may have performed in accordance to experimenter’s prediction to please him. zimbardo also active during exp as supervisor
define group cohesiveness
qualities of group that binds members tgt n promote liking among them
high group cohesion leads to
inc likelihood stay in group
what are gender roles
expectations bout how m&f should behave
female role in many cultures
sife, mother, limited career opportunities
social facilitation
presence of others engaged in same task as use nrgizes us tend to do better on simple tasks but worse on complex tasks when in presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated
when does social facilitation occur
w simple, well-learned tasks, not complex
simple task / well -learned
dominant response = perform accurately
complex task / r learn smthg new
dominant resp = make mistakes
dominant response
resp most likely for that particular task
presence of others facilitates psych arousal which then facilitates…
dominant response
expression of dominant response
makes ezier to do smthg simple, but difficult to do smthg complex or new
3 theories that explain role of arousal caused by audience in social facilitation
1 make us more alert & vigilant 2 evaluation apprehension 3 distraction - conflict: others distract us from task
social loafing: when presence of other relaxes us
do worse on simple tasks, better on complex in presence others & individual performance CANNOT be eval
