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OCB02 > Late Tooth Development > Flashcards

Late Tooth Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of late tooth development?

A

Cap

Bell

Eruption

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2
Q

When does tooth shape formation/determination begin?

A

Cap stage

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3
Q

Where is the primary enamel knot?

A

Sits above inner enamel epithelium

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4
Q

When does the primary enamel knot appear?

A

Bud stage

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5
Q

What is the role of the PEK and how does it do this?

A

Influence proliferation and differentiation of cells of tooth germ by releasing signalling molecules

Juxtaposition of non-proliferative PEK cells with the surrounding proliferating cells drives bending of the inner enamel epithelium

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6
Q

Why doesn’t the PEK proliferate in response to its own secretions?

A

Does not have receptors for its own signalling molecules

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7
Q

When is the primary enamel knot present and how is it eliminated?

A

Bud and cap stage

Apoptosis

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8
Q

In the molars, what does the PEK mark the position of?

A

First buccal cusp

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9
Q

When is the bell stage?

A

14th-20th week

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10
Q

What is the enamel cord?

A

String of epithelial cells joining the inner and outer enamel epithelia

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11
Q

What does the enamel cord look like?

A

Darkened area joining IEE and OEE

Causes a dip in OEE

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12
Q

What happens to the cervical loop?

A

Becomes Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath for root formation

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13
Q

What are the three basic layers of the dental follicle (bell stage)?

A

Outer layer

Loose connective tissue

Inner layer

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14
Q

Compare the layers of the dental follicle (bell stage).

A

Outer and inner layers are more vascularised and have more closely packed cells than the loose connective tissue layer

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15
Q

What part of the tooth germ gives rise to the PDL?

A

Dental follicle

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16
Q

When is the tooth crown shape established?

A

Bell stage

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17
Q

In what type of teeth do SEKs form?

A

Multicuspid

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18
Q

When do the SEKs form?

A

Bell stage

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19
Q

Which SEKs will form larger cusps?

A

Those which emerge earlier

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20
Q

When do tooth buds for permanent teeth start to form?

A

Late bell stage/20th week

21
Q

Where does the successional lamina develop?

A

Lingual side of dental lamina

22
Q

Are the deciduous teeth more buccal or lingual than the permanent teeth?

A

Buccal

23
Q

What kind of lamina does a successional tooth develop from?

A

Successional

24
Q

What do the three permanent molars develop from?

A

Dental lamina extends backward when there is enough space

All from the same placode

25
Q

What is a successional tooth?

A

Permanent tooth with a predecessor

26
Q

What is an accessional tooth?

A

Permanent tooth with no predecessor

27
Q

When does the dental lamina begin to break down?

A

Late bell stage/20th week

28
Q

Why does the dental lamina break down?

A

Separate tooth germs from the oral epithelium

29
Q

Why are humans usually diphyodonts?

A

Dental lamina contains stem cells to give rise to new teeth

DL breaks down at late bell stage/20th week so no continuous generation

30
Q

What are the epithelial pearls of Serres?

A

Epithelial clusters remaining after breakdown of dental lamina

31
Q

What implications can the epithelial pearls of Serres cause? (3)

A

Cysts

Odontomas

Supernumerary teeth

32
Q

Give an example of a monophyodont.

A

Mouse

Chameleon

33
Q

Give an example of a polyphyodont.

A

Snake

Shark

34
Q

Why do some animals have multiple sets of teeth?

A

Permanent dental lamina can give rise to more successional laminas for the formation of more teeth

35
Q

How can you cause continuous tooth generation in mice?

A

Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling

36
Q

What is Wnt/β-catenin?

A

Growth factor

37
Q

Where is Wnt signalling concentrated in snakes?

A

Successional lamina of regenerating teeth

38
Q

What can be used to stimulate Wnt signalling?

A

LiCl

39
Q

What does overexpression of the Wnt pathway result in?

A

Increased number of teeth

40
Q

When does the formation of hard tissues begin?

A

Late bell stage/20th week

41
Q

Where does the formation of hard tissues begin?

A

Tip of cusp(s)

42
Q

What do ameloblasts produce?

A

Enamel (matrix)

43
Q

What do odontoblasts produce?

A

Predentin

44
Q

What tissue are ameloblasts derived from?

A

Inner enamel epithelium

45
Q

What tissue are odontoblasts derived from?

A

Periphery of dental papilla/pulp

46
Q

What is happening to the outer layer of the dental follicle during the bell stage?

A

Differentiating into alveolar bone

47
Q

Why does the stellate reticulum collapse during hard tissue formation?

A

Hard tissue (matrix) acts as a barrier of nutrients and oxygen getting to the ameloblasts

Allows ameloblasts to get get nutrients from mesenchyme outside outer enamel epithelium

48
Q

Describe the cell differentiation and hard tissue formation process. (3)

A
  1. Elongation and polarisation of inner enamel epithelium to preameloblasts
  2. Preameloblasts trigger elongation and polarisation of pulpal cells to odontoblasts which secrete predentin
  3. Predentin triggers preameloblasts to become ameloblasts

OCB02 (19 decks)

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