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OCB02 > Early Tooth Development > Flashcards

Early Tooth Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of early tooth development?

A

(Resting/dental lamina)

Initiation

Bud stage

Cap stage

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2
Q

What are the embryonic origins of the teeth?

A

Epithelium of first branchial arch and frontal nasal process

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3
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the upper deciduous incisors?

A

Frontal nasal process

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4
Q

What part of the tooth does the oral epithelium develop into?

A

Enamel

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5
Q

What parts of the tooth does the oral mesenchyme develop into? (5)

A

Dentin

Dental pulp

Cementum

PDL

Alveolar bone

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6
Q

Where do the cranial neural crest cells for the first pharyngeal arch come from?

A

Midbrain and rhombomeres 1 and 2

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7
Q

What can neuroblasts differentiate into? (2)

A

Motor or sensory neurons

Sympathetic neurons

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8
Q

What can ectomesenchymal cells differentiate into? (5)

A

Chondroblasts

Cementoblasts

Odontoblasts

Osteoblasts

Fibroblasts

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9
Q

What syndrome does a mutation in Tcof1 cause?

A

Treacher-Collins syndrome

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10
Q

Why is Tcof1 important?

A

Essential for neural crest cell survival

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11
Q

What are some of the possible defects in structures derived from the first two branchial arches? (5)

A

Hypoplastic maxilla and mandible

Lower eyelid coloboma

Cleft palate

Ear defects - poorly developed or misplaces

Tooth agenesis

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12
Q

Where is Pitx2 expressed?

A

Dental oral epithelium

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13
Q

Where is Barx1 expressed?

A

Dental mesenchyme

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14
Q

Where is Pax9 expressed?

A

Dental mesenchyme

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15
Q

Where is Lhx5/6 expressed?

A

Dental mesenchyme

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16
Q

What do Pitx2, Barx1, Pax9 and Lhx5/6 code for?

A

Transcription factors

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17
Q

What are the two tissues involved in tooth development?

A

Oral ectoderm/epithelium

Ectomesenchyme/dental mesenchyme

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18
Q

What is initiation?

A

Establishment of the sites of the future teeth

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19
Q

When does the primary epithelial band form?

A

6th week

20
Q

What is the primary epithelial band?

A

Continuous band of thickened epithelium along oral side of maxilla and mandible

21
Q

How does the primary epithelial band form?

A

Change in orientation of cleavage plane of dividing cells

22
Q

When does the dental lamina form?

A

6th-7th week

23
Q

What does the primary epithelial band give rise to?

A

Vestibular lamina

Dental lamina

24
Q

Is the dental lamina more buccal or lingual than the vestibular lamina?

A

Lingual

25
Q

What happens to the vestibular lamina?

A

Cells die to form empty space/vestibule

26
Q

What happens to the dental lamina?

A

Forms teeth

27
Q

When does tooth formation actually start?

A

8th week

28
Q

What happens at the very start of tooth formation?

A

Series of swellings develop on the deep surface of the dental lamina (10 on each arch) - dental placodes

29
Q

What are dental placodes?

A

Swellings that develop on the deep surface of the dental lamina at the start of tooth formation

30
Q

Why do 10 dental placodes develop on each arch?

A

10 deciduous teeth on each arch

31
Q

Which gene is expressed in the mesenchyme associated with dental placodes?

A

Pax9

32
Q

What happens to the dental placodes?

A

Expand into buds due to increased proliferation

33
Q

When is the bud stage?

A

8th-10th week

34
Q

What is the tooth germ comprised of?

A

Enamel organ and dental mesenchyme

35
Q

What can occur in patients with a Pax9 or MSX1 mutation?

A

Tooth development arrested at bud stage

36
Q

What determines the crown shape?

A

Folding of inner enamel epithelium

37
Q

When is the cap stage?

A

11th-12th week

38
Q

What can the condensed mesenchyme be divided into?

A

Dental follicle

Dental papilla

39
Q

What is derived from the dental follicle?

A

Cementum

PDL

Alveolar bone socket

40
Q

What is derived from the dental papilla?

A

Dentin

Dental pulp

41
Q

What are the four tissues which make up the enamel organ?

A

Outer enamel epithelium

Stellate reticulum

Stratum intermedium

Inner enamel epithelium

42
Q

Describe the cells of the outer enamel epithelium.

A

Cuboidal

43
Q

Describe the cells of the inner enamel epithelium.

A

Columnar

44
Q

Describe the stellate reticulum.

A

Star-shaped cells

Lots extracellular matrix = loose tissue

45
Q

What is the stratum intermedium?

A

Flat cells lining the inner enamel epithelium

OCB02 (19 decks)

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