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Level 1/Step 1 > Last min Add-ons > Flashcards

Last min Add-ons Flashcards

1
Q

What blocks Kidney accent = Horseshoe kidney

A

INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY

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2
Q

MS and bladder issues

A

Urinary urge = Inability to contract bladder (Detrusor) properly

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3
Q

Anterior portion of the pinform aperture

A

internal nasal valve
1. narrowest point of the cavity
2. highest airflow resistance

Septoplasty = increase airflow

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4
Q

Sphenoid sinus drains into

A

sphenoid sinus = superior + posterior (superior nasal concha)

sphenoethmoid recess = pituitary gland surgery

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5
Q

Acute otitis media MOA

A

eustanchian tube anterior to TORUS TABARIUS

nasopharynx connection to the middle ear

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6
Q

COPD tx

A
  1. B-agonist
  2. GC
  3. Muscarinic antagonist
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7
Q

Lenticulostraite Artery Stroke location

A

internal capsule = Striatum

Pure motor sx = unmanaged HTN

C/L

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8
Q

Anterior Spinal artery stroke location

A

Corticospinal = medial lemniscus (C/L paralysis UE)
Causal medulla = hypoglossal (tongue ipsilateral)

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9
Q

enzyme - Von Gierke

A

Glucose - 6 phosphatase

Smooth ER = Cytosol

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10
Q

enzyme - Pompe

A

a1,4 glucosidase = Lysosomal debranching

Cardiomyopathy

*p is the 1st & 4th letter

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11
Q

enzyme - Cori

A

debranching
- 1,6 glucoside
- transferase

normal lactate levels

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12
Q

enzyme - Anderson

A

glycogen-branching enzyme

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13
Q

enzyme - McArdle

A

myophosphorylase

muscle glycogen phosphorylase

exercise –> sx

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14
Q

corticosteroid (Cortisol) mediated what in bones

A

upregulation of RANKL expression = increase Osteoclast activation

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15
Q

NAVL

above the pectinate line

A

N = Inferior hypogastric (T12-L2) ** painless (visceral)

A = Superior rectal - IMA

V = Superior rectal vein –> IMV –> Spleen –> portal vein –> IVC

L = Internal iliac

Internal hemorrhoids

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16
Q

NAVL

below the pectinate live

A

N = Pudendal (S2-S4) ***Painful

A = Inferior rectal - Internal pudendal artery

V = Inferior rectal vein –> Internal pudendal vein –> internal iliac –> common iliac vein –> IVC

L = Superficial inguinal

External hemorrhoids

17
Q

Adenomyosis

A

Painful periods

Increase uterus size

Gland & stroma w/n myometriam

18
Q

Neural Crest Cells

ELMO

PASSES

A

PASSES

PNS: Schwann cells; pia & arachnoid mater
Aorticopulmonary septum & endocardial cushions
Branchial arches (bones & cartilage)
Skull bones
Melanocytes

Adrenal - Cortex = mesoderm & Medulla = Crest

19
Q

Skin eruptions

cerebellar ataxia

A

pellagra-like = Hartnup disease

impaired transport of neutral amino acids = SI (DJI) + PCT (kidney)

Dx: excessive neutral amino acids in the urine

20
Q

Peripheral neuropathy Tx

A

TCA = inhibits 5-HT & NE reuptake
Gabapentin = decrease Ca++
Carbamazepine = block Na++

21
Q

Causes Succinylcholine to last longer than normal

Pseudocholinesterase deficiency

A

Decrease plasma hemolysis

  • Heterozygotes = 2x the normal duration of paralysis
  • Homozygotes = persistent paralysis for several hours
22
Q

5-14 days after exposure pt

  • fever
  • urticarial rash
  • arthralgia

Serum sickness

A

type III hypersensitivity rxn = immune complex–mediated –> the immune complexes are cleared by the mononuclear phagocyte system

resolve spontaneously over days

23
Q

Obain preoperative CEA lab vaules

Pathology = adenocarcinoma

A

failure to normalize CEA levels = poor prognosis –> residual disease

24
Q

Blood supply

femoral head and neck

A

Medial circumflex femoral

minor contributions = Lateral circumflex +inferior gluteal

25
Q

Shoulder pain

Smoking history

Ptosis

Pupil asymmetric in dim light = anisocoria

↓ deep tendon reflexes

A

Pancoast tumor

Autonomic ganglion compression

Note: anisocoria you should think that there is something going on w/ SANS

26
Q

Prego mom

P57+

A

Partial mole
69XXX

Partial = Parts = high number (69)

Uterine size does not change

27
Q

Painful erection lasting 4+ hours

Rx causes

A

Ischemic priapism

Sildenafil
Trazodone

blocks venous drainage = corpus cacernosum

28
Q

Immunohistochemical stain

Keratin

A

Epithelium

29
Q

Immunohistochemical stain

Vimentin

A

Mesenchyme

30
Q

Immunohistochemical stain

Desmin

31
Q

Immunohistochemical stain

GFAP

32
Q

Immunohistochemical stain

Neurofilament

33
Q

Immunohistochemical stain

PSA

A

Prostatic epithelium

34
Q

Immunohistochemical stain

ER

A

Breast epithelium

35
Q

Immunohistochemical stain

Thyroglobulin

A

Thyroid follicular cells

36
Q

Immunohistochemical stain

Chromogranin

A

Neuroendocrine cells = SCC & Carcinoid

37
Q

Immunohistochemical stain

S-100

A

Melanoma
schwannoma
langerhans cell histiocytosis

38
Q

Immunohistochemical stain

AFP

39
Q

Low Ca++ & Phosphate levels

High PTH

A

Vit. D defiency

Osteomalacia (Adults) + Rickets (Children)

Note:

if Ca++ are high then it is Primary Hyperparathyroidism hormone

if Phosphate levels are high then its Secondary Hyperparathyroidism = think of CKD

Level 1/Step 1 (15 decks)

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