last endocrine lecture Flashcards
Where are the endorcine hormones made
the hypothamulus
most feed back mechanisms in the neuroendocrine system are
negative
What are the steps of milk-let down
- Young will suckle
- machoreceptros stimulated
- afferent neurons going to the hypothalamus cause release of oxytocin
- Cause contraction of myoepithelial cells to cause milk let down
What does vassopressin do specifically
contract smooth muscle around the blood vessels and water reabsorption in the kidneys before lost in the urine
what do Somatotropes secret
growth hormone
dopamine has a negative feedback effect on prolactin
i know this
GHRH
secreted by the hypothalamus ,growth hormone releasing hormone, signaling the release of growth hormone
GHIH
secreted by the hypothalamus and is negative feedback for growth hormone in the pituitary gland
how does growth hormone effect metabolism
more acute or immediate effects
how does growth hormone effect growth
chronic effect
gigantism
excess amount of growth hormone and IGF-1, starts in adolescence,
acomegly
excess amount of growth hormone and IGF-1, hits later in life, widing of bones
laron syndrome
insensitivity to GH, resulting in short stature; mutation in GH receptor gene
corticotopes produce what
secrete ACTH, from the anterior pituitary gland
coricotrope stimulation is stimulated by
crotocaptropin releasing hormone (CRH)
ACTH stimulates the ___-
The adrenal cortex zona facisculata produces glucocorticoids (cortisol and androgen
what are the cells called that sceret hormones from the anterior pituitary glands
trope hormones
Thyroid releasing hormone from trope cells does what
simulates thyrotropes that secrete thyroid simulating hormones into the blood
What does TSH do
stimulates principle cells within the thyroid gland to produce t3 and t4
Which is the most active thyroid hormone
t3
t4 is converted from 4 to 3 by enzyme
5’ 3’ deiodinase
a large protein inside the thyriod follicle
thyroglobulin
Thyroglobulin requires what compound
iodine
An abdnormanly enlarged thyroid gland is called?
goiter
condition with enlarged thyroid
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
where does the parathryriod gland come into play
A decrease in blood calcium levels causes its cheif cells to release PTH which increases bone osteoclast activity and release of calcium phosphate
increased concentration of blood calcium causes ____ in thyriod to realse ___that inhibits osteoclast activity
c cells; calcitonin
where is the heart located in the body
the pericardial cavity
right pump of the heart
Collects oxygen depleted blood from tissues and sends it into lungs (pulmonary circulation)
left pump of the heart
collects oxygen-rich blood and pumps it into body tissues (systemic circulation)
atrium
collects blood entering the heart
ventricle
forces blood out of the heart
ateries
carry blood way from the heart
veins
carry blood to the heart
myocardium
in the middle of epicardium and endocardium
What is the myocardium consist of
interlacing bundles of myocardiocytes (cardiac muscle cells)
intercalted dics of the heart muscle contain
gap juncitons and desomsomes
what is the purpose of the gap junctions in the heart muscle
Allow for the spread of action potentials. between mayo-cardiocytes, throughout the myocardium
pacemaker cells
A particular conductivity cell found in the cardiac muscle that generates action potentials that spread throughout the gap junctions
heart contraction
systole; heart blood ejction
Heart relaxation
diastole; heart blood filling
where are pacemakers located
sinoatrial node
