Animal science lecture part 2 Flashcards
What is the resting osmotic pressure for an isotonic solution? How do this change from hypertonic to hypertonic?
300mOsm, as this increases in becomes more hypertonic ex.400
What type of transport is voltage-gated channels?
passive transport
carriers
Transport cells across the membrane using “flip-flop” activity
What type of transport is Na/K pump
primary active transport
Can you give an example secondary transport?
ATPase pump required the use of ATP to pump sodium and create a conc graident. Then a sodium carrier will transport sodium and Glucose will catch a ride.
What establishes the cells intra cellular negative charge
The sodium-potassium leak channels and the ATPase pump activity
What does the rate of transport depend on?
The number of carriers in a cell, it reaches saturation when no more carriers are available
Action potential
the inside becomes more positive for a sec AKA depolarization
When do Na+ channels open with the membrane potential vs time graph
at the threshold
What is the peak membrane potential?
30 mv
Why does the membrane hyperpolarize?
because the K channels are still open
Juxtacrine signaling
a ligand on the surface of a cell binds to a receptor on the surface of another cell
Paracine cell signaling
signal is sent to the cell to a near by cell
autocrine cell signaling
cell secretes a hormone for itself
Nurotransmitter
A ligand that is secreted by a neuron or signals to another neuron, involves paracrine signaling
What is it called when a ligand is secreted into the blood
a hormone
neuroendocrine signaling
a neuron secrets a ligand into the blood
pheromone
ligand that is secreted outside the animal body to communicate to another animal
Most common type of cell membrane receptor?
The transmembrane receptor: 7-transmembrane receptors
where are the receptors for small ligands located?
Inside the cell cytoplasm, many of them are transcription factors
Antagonist
A molecule that blocks the function of a ligand, usually involves binding to the ligand’s receptor and inactivating it.
Agonist
contributes to the function of a ligand, binds to the receptor and activates it
Functions of the skeletal muscle
Stores glucose as glycogen, help break and pump blood, moves and stabilizes animal limbs and joints
Type 1 muscle
slower to contract but can contract for long periods of time, more red in appearance, endurance muscle
Type 2 muscle
Pale in appearance, fast to contract and cant stay contracted for a long time
review the screen shot of the 5 types of muscle
check
Draw a muscle that includes the epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, fascicle, muscle fiber, and. myofibers (this is also screenshotted)
check
Fascile
bundle of muscle fibers the perymesium wraps it
muscle fiber
Skeletal muscle cell
Characeristics of a muscle cell :
They are complete before birth, however, they do increase in size (hypertrophy) which is the increase in myofibrils
What are the bands in myofibrils?
Dark A band and the Light I band
sarcolemma
the muscle fibers plasma or cell membrane
Sarcoplasma
the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber
Sarcoplasmic Reticulium
Muscle fiber endoplasmic reticulum that surrounds myofibrils and contains calcium
T-tube
Tubes that form from the sarcolemma
and transverse, at right angles, into the interior of the muscle fiber. Send
action potentials into the interior of the fiber
Thick myofilaments
myosin proteins
thin myofilaments
Strands of actin
What controls skeletal contraction?
Motor neurons
E neuron terminals contain how many muscle fibers?
one
motor neuron
the neuron and all the muscle fibers that control it
Neuromuscular junction
Where the neuron terminal contacts the fiber and releases a neurotransmitter
go over the neuron and the muscle fiber contraction steps. Lecture 4 at the end
check
