Animal science lecture part 2

Question 1

Non-depolarizing agents

Answer 1

Bind the AcH receptor and block sodium (antagonist)

Question 2

Power stroke

Answer 2

ATP is used by myosin cross bridge to pull actin and then detach

Question 3

Cross bridge cycling

Answer 3

When the power stock in repeated in the presence of calcium and ATP

Question 4

Creatine Phosphate

Answer 4

Used by the muscle fiber to phosphorylate ADP to ATP

Question 5

What is the benefit of doing glycolysis in the muscle fiber instead of citric acid cycle or oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 5

glycolysis: fast and less oxygen used

Critic acidic and oxidative: more ATP created but slower and more oxygen is needed

Question 6

2 ways that we can get oxygen

Answer 6

heart rate and respiration and increased myoglobin in the blood

Question 7

Muscle fatigue

Answer 7

Decrease in muscle contraction and muscle acitivity

Question 8

This can accumulate in the muscle fiber and is a byproduct of glycolysis

Answer 8

Lactic Acid

Question 9

Lactic acid reducing muscle and blood pH is called?

Answer 9

acidosis

Question 10

What are some important points about slow twitch muscles?

Answer 10

Can use oxygen for ATP, more mitochondria, more myoglobin

Question 11

What does type 2 rely on for oxygen

Answer 11

glucose

Question 12

What type of neuron controls muscle contraction

Answer 12

motor neuron

Question 13

Deplorizing agent

Answer 13

Ach agonist binds to the Ach receptor and saturates it so that the resting membrane potential cannot be reestablished.

Question 14

Tetrodoxin

Answer 14

Antagonist, sodium channel blocker and lose muscle contraction, animal cant breath

Question 15

other types of acH antagonists

Answer 15

botulinum neurotoxin (limberneck disease) and curare

Question 16

Smooth muscle

Answer 16

involuntary and non-striaited

Question 17

Functions of smooth muscle

Answer 17

accommodation:ability to provide organs with stretch

Question 18

What mechanisms are smooth muscle contraction controlled by?

Answer 18

the nervous system, hormones, and paracrine ligands

Question 19

Single unit smooth muscle

Answer 19

99% of smooth muscle in the animal
-have functions in membrane potential :slow waves

Question 20

multi unit smooth msucle

Answer 20

Found around large muscles, function on their own. each one is controlled by an individual neuron.

Question 21

how to contract the smooth mucscle

Answer 21

phosphorylation of myosin cross-bridge

Question 22

cardiac muscle

Answer 22

invoultary and striated

Question 23

Myocardiocytes

Answer 23

heart specific muscle cell

Question 24

job of the nervous system

Answer 24

help the animal sense its environment
-coordinates limb movements and organ function
-animal consciousness
-animal behavior and learning
-controls some reproductive processes

Question 25

Nuerons

Answer 25

Specialized cells that transmit an action potential over long distances throughout the body

Question 26

glial cells

Answer 26

cells that support neuron function

Question 27

saltatory conduction

Answer 27

The rapid transmission on an action protein through the neuron. The nodes can hope each sheath, making the signal transmit faster.

Question 28

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 28

nodes in between the myelin sheath

Question 29

Central nervosu system

Answer 29

brain, brain stem and spinal chord

Question 30

peripheral nervous system types

Answer 30

Afferent neurons: sent information to the CNS
Efferent neurons: neurons from the CNS that influence the “effector” or target tissues