Cardiovascular test part 2 Flashcards
Olfactory glomeruli
cluster of ball like structures that smell
collection centers” where neurons for a specific odor molecule converge on mitral cells
flehming response
open nasal passageway so that pheromones can reach the VMO
What is the endocrine system?
A system of glands or tissues that secrete
hormones into the blood to regulate animal homeostasis and physiology
-has a slow rate of change compared to nervous system
Endocrinology
The study of endocrine glands, their secretion of hormones
into the blood and the effects of endocrine hormones on tissues
what did Arnold Berthhold’s research support?
That the endocrine system secrete hormones into the blood (can reach many parts of the body)
Compensatory hypertrophy
a increase in the size or an organ to compensate for the the lack of another
basal or tonic hormone secretion
constant low hormone secretion
sustained hormone secretion
constant high hormone secretion
episodic hormone secretion
secreting hormones in pulses, common for neuroendocrine hormones, related to the action potential to the neuron
negative feedback loop example
thyroid hormone acts as an inhibitor
Postive feedback loop example
Oxytocin acts as a stimulator and to smooth muscle contraction
the pituitary gland consits of two glands-
anterior and posterior pituitary
hypothalamic nuclei
Groups of nerve cell bodies that respond to specific sensory
information and release
neuroendocrine hormones into the
anterior or posterior pituitary
What does the posterior pituitary produce?
oxytocin and vasopressin
oxytoin does what
stimulates milk ejection and uterine contraction in females
vasopressin contributes to
water retention and regulates blood pressure
Where does vasopressin go to?
Nephrons in the kidneys and/or arterioles throughout the blood
where does oxytocin go to
uterus and mammary glands
Ferguson reflex
Contraction of smooth muscle in uterus for parturition (birthing
process)
Milk let-down reflex
Contraction of smooth muscle in mammary gland for milk ejection
What does AVP binding to V2R do in kidney
increases aquaporin
activity
central diabetes insipidus
damage to the pituitary gland affecting the storage and release of Vasopressin/ADH
polydipsia
excessive drinking
polyuria
excessive urination
Hypothalamic-
Hypophyseal (HH)-
Blood Portal System
Allows for small quantities of
neuroendocrine hormones to act on
cells in the anterior pituitary before they are diluted by the general circulation
In the Human anterior pituitary what do Acidophiles look like
(dark red) lactotropes or somatotropes
What do the Basophiles look like in the anterior pituaitary under a microscope
light pink; gonadotropes or thyrotropes
Chromophobes (little to no stain) are called
corticotropes
Trope cells of
anterior pituitary
secrete what
anterior
pituitary hormones into
general blood circulation
neurons in the hypothamumus secret
releasing and inhibiting neuroendocrine hormones
lactrotrophe cells produce what
porlactin (PRL)
What chemical reguates the prolactin realease
dopomine
What does porlactin simulate
mammary gland growth and production of milk factors
Prolactinoma
Most common type of pituitary tumor. Causes
hyperprolactinemia or excessive prolactin secretion
Hyperprolactinemia
can cause infertility in females and males and it can lead to erectile dysfunction and low libido.
Galactorrhea
abnormal mammary secretions. Can occur in males
What happens when vasopressin enters the kidneys
increases water permeability of distal and collecting tublues
What happens when vassopressin goes to arterioles
causes vasoconstriction;the narrowing and constriction of the blood vessels
