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French Wine Scholar > Languedoc-Rousillon > Flashcards

Languedoc-Rousillon Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mutage?

A

The fortification of wine

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2
Q

Who discovered sparkling wine?

A

Monks of Saint-Hilaire

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3
Q

Who founded Massalia and when?

A

Marseille, Phocaeans 600 BC

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4
Q

When did the Romans arrive to France?

A

125 BC

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5
Q

What is Via Domitia?

A

Road built by Romans to transport goods around their empire

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6
Q

Who discovered the process of mutage?

A

Arnaud de Villeneuve, physician/alchemist in Montepellier

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7
Q

When was sparkling discovered?

A

1531 (150 years before Dom Perignon)

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8
Q

Where was the first sparkling wine made?

A

Limoux

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9
Q

When did the first part of Canal du Midi open?

A

1681, from port of Sète to Garonne River in Toulouse

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10
Q

What year was the 2nd part of Canal du Midi built?

A

1838-1856, from Toulouse to just south of Bdx city

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11
Q

When did the railway connect Paris, Lyon, Marseille?

A

1855

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12
Q

When did Phylloxera come to Languedoc?

A

1863, first region to replant. France’s #1 supplier of wine by 1900

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13
Q

When did coops develop in Languedoc?

A

1930s (1st in 1905)

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14
Q

How many co-ops bottle what % of production in Languedoc?

A

150 co-ops bottle 65% of production

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15
Q

When did Blanquette de Limoux receive AOC status?

A

1938

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16
Q

When was Vin de Pays category created and finalized?

A

Created in 1968, finalized in 1979

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17
Q

When was Vin de Pays replaced by the IGP category?

A

2009

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18
Q

How many IGPs are in France?

A

150+

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19
Q

What IGP is responsible for 67% of France’s IGP production?

A

IGP Pays d’Oc (fruit can come from anywhere in Languedoc-Roussillon)

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20
Q

When did Languedoc and Roussillon join administratively?

A

1972

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21
Q

When did L-R growing areas being applying for AOC status?

A

1980s, 10 AOCs awarded in 1982

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22
Q

How many AOCs today in L-R?

A

Approximately 50

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23
Q

T/F IGP wines dominate production?

A

T

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24
Q

AOC wines are what % of production in LR?

A

19%

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25
Q

IGP Wines are what % of production in LR?

A

68%

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26
Q

What are the 4 departments of Languedoc from N to S?

A

Lozère, Gard, Hérault, Aude

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27
Q

Soils of LR are a mix of what?

A

Very ancient, and very new materials

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28
Q

Languedoc soils on mountain slopes?

A

stony shale and marly limestone

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29
Q

What type of soil is garrigue?

A

Nutrient poor limestone, that can only support resinous herbs

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30
Q

Languedoc soils on lowland plains and foothills?

A

Younger sedimentary and alluvial soils

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31
Q

What other soil pockets will you find in Languedoc?

A

Granite, gneiss, schist

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32
Q

What type of wines are produced from alluvial soils in Languedoc?

A

Fruity wines, often white and rosé

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33
Q

Granite, gneiss, marl, clay, and schist produce what style of wines in Languedoc?

A

Powerful, spicy wines for aging, often red

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34
Q

Garrigue soils produce what style of wine in Languedoc?

A

High acid white/red, reds with polished tannin

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35
Q

Languedoc has what geographical zones?

A

Coastal Plains, Hillsides and Mountains, Atlantic Corridor

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36
Q

Characteristics of Coastal Plains?

A

Flat, low lying, fertile, highest yielding, often entry-level IGP wines

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37
Q

Coastal plains lie between what cities?

A

Narbonne to Montpellier

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38
Q

Characteristics of Atlantic Corridor?

A

Western, Atlantic and Mediterranean forces meet, white/sparkling wines, BDX and Rhone grapes

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39
Q

Characteristics of Mountains and Hillsides?

A

Up to 1,320 ft, block rain and clouds, consistently sunny climate, traps heat

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40
Q

Languedoc 2 seasons?

A

Mild winters, hot dry summers

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41
Q

What wind blows from the N and W?

A

Tramontane

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42
Q

Sunshine hours in Languedoc?

A

2,350 hours per year

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43
Q

Rainfall Languedoc?

A

27 inches per year (often from violent storms)

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44
Q

What Langd. AOCs still use Carignan as the backbone of the blend?

A

Faugères, St. Chinian, Fitou, Minervois, Corbières

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45
Q

How many grape varieties are approved for Languedoc IGP wines?

A

56

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46
Q

Non varietally labeled wines require what min percentage of primary grapes in Langd.?

A

50%

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47
Q

T/F Any of the 56 IGP grapes may be varietally labeled in Langd.

A

F. Only primary grapes

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48
Q

What min % varietally labeled grape must be in the bottle?

A

85%

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49
Q

T/F If whites grapes are incorporated into rose/red, they must be co-fermented?

A

T

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50
Q

What % of white grapes may be allowed in rose/red blends?

A

Max 20%

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51
Q

Vins Sans IG was formerly known as what?

A

Vin de Table

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52
Q

What are the 3 categories of Lang. wines?

A

AOC, IGP, Vins Sans IG

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53
Q

What Lang. departments have their own IGPs?

A

IGP Aude, IGP Hérault, IGP Gard

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54
Q

What is Lang. largest AOC in acreage and volume?

A

Languedoc AOC

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55
Q

Languedoc AOC wines must include a min of how many grapes?

A

2

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56
Q

Bulk of production for Languedoc AOC?

A

Red (79%)

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57
Q

How many districts can append their name to Lang. AOC?

A

12

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58
Q

What are the 2 non-fortified AOCs on Lang. Coastal Plain?

A

Picpoul de Pinet, La Clape

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59
Q

Year Picpoul de Pinet became AOC?

A

2013

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60
Q

Soils of Picpoul de Pinet?

A

Limestone

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61
Q

Is Picpoul de Pinet more co op or grower produced?

A

Co op, 80%

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62
Q

T/F La Clape is a Cru of Lang.

A

T

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63
Q

Required grape min % in La Clape?

A

Reds, Min 70% GR, Sy, MV, white min 40% Bourboulenc

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64
Q

La Clape soils?

A

Mostly limestone

65
Q

How many Lang AOCs are in Mountains/Hillside zone?

A

7

66
Q

Terrasses du Larzac red grapes?

A

Red only. Min 60% GR, SY, MV, min 30% Carignan, Cinsault

67
Q

T/F Terrasses du Larzac has one of the lowest diurnal temps in Lang.

A

F, it has one of highest

68
Q

Clairette du Languedoc grapes?

A

100% Clairette

69
Q

What are the soils of Cru Faugères?

A

Schist

70
Q

T/F Faugères produceds only red?

A

F. R/R/W

71
Q

What are the Crus of Saint Chinian?

A

St. Chinian Berlou, St Chinian Roquebrun

72
Q

What is Lang largest non regional AOC?

A

Corbières

73
Q

What is the main red grape of Corbières?

A

Carignan

74
Q

Cru of Corbières?

A

Corbières Boutenac

75
Q

What AOC south of Corbières produces only red wine?

A

Fitou, based on Carignan, Grenache

76
Q

2 sections of Fitou?

A

Fitou Maritime, Haut-Fitou (non contiguous)

77
Q

Cabardes grapes?

A

90% red CS, CF, ML, MB, SY, GR, Cinsault

78
Q

Most western AOC of Lang.?

A

Malepère

79
Q

Malepère red grapes?

A

Only red/rose. Min 50% ML with other BDX grapes

80
Q

Blanquette de Limoux sweetness levels?

A

Brut and Demi-Sec

81
Q

Blanquette de Limoux grapes?

A

Min 90% Mauzac, up to 10% CB, CH

82
Q

Cremant de Limoux min lees aging?

A

12 months

83
Q

Can Crémant de Limoux be rosé?

A

Yes

84
Q

Crémant de Limoux grapes?

A

Min 40% CH w/ CB, Mauzac, PN

85
Q

Blanquette Méthode Ancestrale AOC grapes?

A

100% Mauzac

86
Q

Blanquette Methode Ancestrale min aging?

A

2 months

87
Q

Blanquette Methode Ancestrale Max abv?

A

7% abv

88
Q

Blanquette Methode Ancestrale RS?

A

60-80 g/l

89
Q

Is dosage allowed for Blanquette Methode Ancestrale?

A

No

90
Q

Which of the Lang. Muscat AOC requires the highest min sugar?

A

Saint Jean de Minervois, min 125 g/l rs

91
Q

Min abv of fortified Muscat AOCs?

A

15% abv

92
Q

Min RS of fortified Muscat AOCs?

A

110 g/l (except St jean de Minervois, min 125 g/l)

93
Q

T/F all Lang. VDNs are made reductively?

A

T

94
Q

Is Minervois Syrah based?

A

Yes

95
Q

T/F Roussillon is one of Fr driest and windiest areas?

A

T

96
Q

T/F Roussillon does not encourage organic and bioD viti

A

F. It has the highest percentages of org/BD producers in Fr

97
Q

Roussillon produces what % of Fr VDN?

A

80%

98
Q

When was Roussillon part of the Aragon Empire?

A

13th-18th century

99
Q

What were the 1st AOCs of Roussillon?

A

Rivesaltes, Banyuls, Maury (all VDN)

100
Q

How many AOCs in Roussillon?

A

13

101
Q

What department does Roussillon lie within?

A

Pyrénées-Orientales

102
Q

What is the N wind of Roussillon?

A

Tramontane

103
Q

Is Languedoc or Roussillon more mountainous?

A

Roussillon

104
Q

North Mountains of Roussillon?

A

Corbières Mountains

105
Q

West Mountains of Roussillon?

A

Canigou

106
Q

South Mountains of Roussillon?

A

Pyrénées Peak, Roc de France

107
Q

Roussillon rivers?

A

Agly, Tét, Tech

108
Q

Main soil of Roussillon?

A

Iron rich, sandy, red, water retaining clay

109
Q

Alluvial plains of Roussillon planted to white or red?

A

Mainly white

110
Q

Stonier, higher elevation sites of Roussillon planted to white or red grapes?

A

Mainly red

111
Q

What 2 grapes are grown in Roussillon but not in Languedoc?

A

Muscat d’Alexandrie, Tourbat

112
Q

What is Tourbat?

A

Roussillon native white grape, prone to oxidation, Malvasia, still and VDN

113
Q

How many communal AOCs are in Roussillon?

A

8

114
Q

What are the VDN communal AOCs of Roussillon?

A

Rivesaltes, Muscat de Rivesaltes, Maury, Banyuls, Banyuls Grand Cru

115
Q

What are the still communal AOCs of Roussillon?

A

Côtes de Roussillon Villages-named village, Collioure, Maury Sec

116
Q

What is Rousillon’s sub regional AOC

A

Côtes de Roussillon Villages (red only)

117
Q

Can Côtes de Roussillon produce rose and white?

A

No, red only

118
Q

What are the regional AOCs of Roussillon?

A

Languedoc, Côtes de Roussillon

119
Q

What are the 2 most important IGPs in Roussillon?

A

IGP Pays d’OC, IGP Pyrénées Orientales

120
Q

What is Roussillon’s largest appellation?

A

Côtes du Roussillon AOC

121
Q

What cru in Côtes du Roussillon will soon become a cru for CdRoussillon village?

A

Côtes du Roussillon Les Aspres

122
Q

Côtes du Roussillon Villages extends through what river valleys?

A

Agly, Tét

123
Q

Cd Roussillon Villages are based on what grape?

A

Grenache based, but must be a blend of 2+ varieties, max 70% any one grape. No cinsault

124
Q

What grape is not permitted in C d Roussillon Village?

A

Cinsault

125
Q

What villages may append their name to Côtes du Roussillon Village?

A

Caramany, Latour de France, Lesquerde, Tautavel. Encircle town of Maury

126
Q

What wines does Maury Sec produce?

A

Dry reds, GR based 60-80%. Min 6 months aging

127
Q

What is the min abv for VDN?

A

15% abv

128
Q

What range of sweetness levels do roussillon VDNs have?

A

45 - 100 g/l

129
Q

Grapes for VDN are picked at what level of sugar ripeness?

A

252 g/l

130
Q

White VDN not called ‘Muscat…’ is comprised of what grapes?

A

Grenache Blanc, Tourbat, Maccabeu

131
Q

T/F Roussillon VDN may be produced both reductively and oxidatively?

A

T

132
Q

What terms described reductive VDNs?

A

Grenat, Rimage

133
Q

What terms described oxidative VDNs?

A

Ambré, Tuilé, Rancio, Hors d’age

134
Q

What is Rancio?

A

Maderized VDN

135
Q

What is Hors d’Age?

A

Oxidative VDN that sees min 5 years aging

136
Q

What Roussillon VDNs are white only?

A

Muscat de Rivesaltes

137
Q

What Roussillon VDNs are red only?

A

Banyuls Grand Cru

138
Q

What roussillon VDN allows rose?

A

Banyuls

139
Q

What Roussillon VDNs allow white and red?

A

rivesaltes, Maury, Banyuls

140
Q

How would you label oxidized white Maury?

A

Ambre

141
Q

How would you label slightly oxidized red Maury?

A

Tuilé

142
Q

What is the min % of Grenache noir for Banyuls GC?

A

75%, w/ Carignan, Cinsault, Syrah

143
Q

What is the min aging requirement for Banyuls GC?

A

Min 30 months in oak

144
Q

T/F Banyuls GC may be made as Grenat?

A

F. It must spend 30 months in oak, lending an oxidative character

145
Q

When can Banyuls GC be labeled as Sec/Dry/Brut?

A

If under 5% (50g/l) RS

146
Q

What is the % of Grenache Noir required for Banyuls?

A

Min 50%

147
Q

What is a red Banyuls made in a reductive style called?

A

Rimage

148
Q

Which Languedoc AOCs permit Bdx grapes?

A

Malpere, Cabardes

149
Q

What grape is used in the production of all Lang VDNs?

A

Muscat Petit a Grains

150
Q

What is the main grape of Corbieres?

A

Carignan

151
Q

Which appellation is nested within Corbieres?

A

Fitou

152
Q

What Languedoc appellations are known for single varietal wines?

A

Picpoul de Pinet, Clairette du Languedoc

153
Q

what style of wines are produced in Limoux AOC?

A

Still white and red

154
Q

What is the Massif de Clape?

A

A limestone outcropping separating Narbonne and the Sea

155
Q

What is Etang de Thau?

A

Lake separating Picpoul de Pinet from the sea

156
Q

What style wines are made in Collioure?

A

Dry, still white, red, rose

157
Q

What AOC is shared jointly between Languedoc and Roussillon?

A

Languedoc AOC

158
Q

What styles of wine are made in Maury AOC?

A

Still and VDN reds

French Wine Scholar (13 decks)

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