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French Wine Scholar > Champagne > Flashcards

Champagne Flashcards

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1
Q

How many hours of sunshine does it take to ripen a grape?

A

1,400 hours (Champagne receives 1,650)

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2
Q

When was it made legal to transport Champagne in bottle?

A

1728

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3
Q

When did phylloxera arrive to Champagne?

A
  1. Reduced to 1/5 of its original size.
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4
Q

When was the Echelle des Crus established?

A

1911

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5
Q

What are the 2 main types of chalk?

A

Belemnite (preferred),

Micraster

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6
Q

What is Belemnite made of?

A

Anceint arrow or dart-like relative of today’s squid

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7
Q

What is Micraster made of?

A

Fossilized Sea Urchins

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8
Q

Why is Belemnite preferred?

A

Belemnite is at the upper to mid slope, optimal for sun exposure and soil retention, due to fracturing of slope.

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9
Q

Where will you find more Marl?

A

Montagne de Reims, Val du Reims, Vallee de la Marne, Val de Petit Morin

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10
Q

Where will you find Kimmergean Marl?

A

Exclusive to Côte de Bar in Champagne.

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11
Q

What is marl with small fossilized oysters?

A

Kimmeridgean Marl.

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12
Q

What is the northernmost area of Champagne?

A

Massif de Saint-Thierry

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13
Q

What is the dominant grape of Massif de Saint-Thierry?

A

Pinot Meunier

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14
Q

What is the dominant grape of Monts de Berru?

A

Chardonnay

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15
Q

What is the dominant grape of Val de Reims?

A

Pinot Meunier

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16
Q

What are the dominant grapes of Coteaux Sud d’Epernay?

A

Nearly half each Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier

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17
Q

What is Rive Gauche?

A

Left Bank

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18
Q

What is Rive Droit?

A

Right Bank

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19
Q

What is the dominant grape of Vitry-le-François?

A

Chardonnay

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20
Q

What are the grapes of Montgeux?

A

Exclusively Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

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21
Q

Dominant grape of Bar sur Aubois?

A

Pinot Noir on Kimmeridgean Marl

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22
Q

Dominant grape of Barséquanais

A

Pinot Noir on Kimmeridgean Marl

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23
Q

Most planted grape in Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir

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24
Q

Which grape contributes the most acidity and alcohol to a blend?

A

Chardonnay

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25
Q

Which grape contributes the least amount of acidity to a blend?

A

Pinot Noir

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26
Q

Which grape contributes the least amount of alcohol to a blend?

A

Pinot Meunier

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27
Q

Who created the 1st French sparkling wine?

A

Monks of St. Hilaire in Limoux

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28
Q

Brut Nature Sugar Level

A

0-3. Dosage may not be added

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29
Q

Extra Brut Sugar Level

A

0-6

30
Q

Brut Sugar Level

A

0-12

31
Q

Extra Dry (Extra Sec) Sugar Level

A

12-17

32
Q

Dry (Sec) Sugar Level

A

17-32

33
Q

Demi Sec Sugar Level

A

23-50

34
Q

Doux Sugar Level

A

50 and over

35
Q

What grape is most planted in Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir

36
Q

What grape adds a ‘pumpernickel’ note to Champagne?

A

Pinot Meunier

37
Q

Which grape contributes the most acidity and alcohol to Champagne?

A

Chardonnay

38
Q

Which grape contributes the least amount of acidity to Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir

39
Q

Which grape contributes the least amount of alcohol to Champagne?

A

Pinot Meunier

40
Q

Who is credited with crafting France’s 1st sparkling wine?

A

Monks of Saint Hilaire in Limoux, an ancestrale wine

41
Q

What is the term ‘tirage’?

A

Bottling

42
Q

What is liqueur de tirage?

A

Mix of yeast and sugar added to initiate 2nd fermentation in bottle. Guarantees a predictable level of sparkle

43
Q

What is ‘prise de mousse’?

A

‘Seizing of the foam’. Refers to 2nd fermentation taking place in bottle. Creates 4.9-6 atmospheres of pressure

44
Q

What is ‘pupitres’?

A

A-frame riddling (remuage) racks

45
Q

What is ‘transversage’?

A

750 ml bottles are disgorged into larger bottles

46
Q

Jéroboam

A

4 bottles

47
Q

Réhoboam

A

6 bottles

48
Q

Methuselah

A

8 bottles

49
Q

Salamanzar

A

12 bottles

50
Q

Balthazar

A

16 bottles

51
Q

Nebuchanezzar

A

20 bottles

52
Q

A la volée

A

Hand disgorgement

53
Q

Juponé

A

Mushroom shaped cork (young)

54
Q

Chevillé

A

Peg shaped cork (mature)

55
Q

What are the AOCs of Champagne?

A

Champagne AOC
Coteaux Champenois AOC
Rosé des Riceys AOC

56
Q

Coteaux Champenois

A

Blanc, Rosé, or Red

In Champagne AOC production zone

57
Q

Rosé des Riceys

A

Pinot Noir only. Village of Les Riceys in Aube

58
Q

Echelle des Crus

A

Est 1911 to rank wine producing villages and vineyards that surrounded them

59
Q

How many Grand Cru Champagne villages?

A

17

60
Q

How many Premier Cru Champagne villages?

A

42

61
Q

How many Cru AOC Champagne villages?

A

255

62
Q

When did the Echelle become obsolete for setting the price for grapes?

A
  1. Prices now settled by individual contracts
63
Q

Why would you recently or late disgorge?

A

To age longer under crown cap. Wine carries the patina of age without the oxidative effect of 10 years in cellar with cork, and loss of effervescence

64
Q

NM

A

Négociant-manipulant. Incorporates purchased grapes. All major houses

65
Q

RM

A

Récolant-manipulant. Estate grapes

66
Q

RC

A

Récolant-coopérateur. Grower affiliated w/ coop. Grapes vinified at coop, then sold under private label

67
Q

SR

A

Société de récolants. group of growers who jointly vinify and sell one or more communal brands

68
Q

CM

A

Coopérative cellar. Coop vinifies grapes of member growers

69
Q

MA

A

Private label registered by individual, group, or society (store, restaurant, supermarket)

70
Q

ND

A

Négociant-distrbuteur. Buyer buys finished wines and gives them private label

French Wine Scholar (13 decks)

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