Languedoc: Appellations Flashcards
1
Q
List the appellations of the Languedoc (without the VDN AOCs).
A
- Languedoc AOC (1985 as Coteaux du Languedoc, 2007 as Languedoc AOC): 23% of total AOC production; (Gres de Montpellier: 5%)
- Clairette du Languedoc AOC (1948)
- Picpoul de Pinet AOC (2013): 4%
- Pic Saint-Loup AOC (2017): 2%
- Terrasses du Larzac AOC (2014)
- Faugeres AOC (1982): 4%
- Saint-Chinian AOC (1982, Dry White 2005): 6%
- Minervois AOC (1985): 9%
- Minervois-La Liviniere AOC (1999)
- La Clape AOC (2015): 2%
- Corbieres AOC (1985): 24%
- Corbieres Boutenac AOC (2005)
- Fitou AOC (1948): 4%
- Cabardes AOC (1999)
- Malepere AOC (2007)
- Limoux AOC (1938, Dry White, Red 1959): 5%
-
Cremant de Limoux AOC (1990)
Other: 12%
2
Q
What area does the the Languedoc AOC cover?
A
This regional appellation covers all of Languedoc & Roussillon, although not many Roussillon producers opt to use it.
3
Q
What styles of wine are produced under the Languedoc AOC?
A
- Dry White: blend of a wide variety of grapes
- Rose: based on Grenache, Lledoner Pelut, Syrah & Mourvedre
- Red: based on Grenache, Lledoner Pelut, Syrah & Mourvedre
These wines must be blends of at least two grape varieties.
4
Q
Which grape varieties are permitted under the Languedoc AOC?
A
White:
* [P] Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Piquepoul Blanc, Roussanne, Tourbat, Vermentino
* [S] Carignan Blanc, Macabeu, Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc, Terret Blanc, Viognier, Rivairenc Blanc, Assyrtiko
Rose/Gris:
* [S] Grenache Gris, Carignan Gris, Clairette Rose, Piquepoul Gris, Rivairenc Gris, Terret Gris
Red:
* [P] Grenache, Lledoner Pelut, Mourvedre, Syrah
* [S] Carignan, Cinsaut, Counoise, Morrastel, Piquepoul Noir, Rivairenc, Terret Noir, Agiorgitiko, Calabrese, Marselan
5
Q
How many DGCs can be added to the Languedoc AOC on the label?
A
11
- Cabrieres
- Gres de Montpellier
- La Mejanelle
- Montpeyroux
- Pezenas
- Quatourze
- Saint-Christol
- Saint-Drezery
- Saint-Georges-d’Orques
- Saint-Saturnin
- Sommieres
6
Q
What styles of wine are produced under the DGCs of Languedoc AOC?
A
Red wines only.
Except, the following can also produce roses:
* Cabrieres
* Saint-Saturnin
7
Q
Which 2 AOCs are noteworthy for solely making varietal white wines in the Languedoc?
A
- Clairette du Languedoc AOC
- Picpoul de Pinet AOC
8
Q
What styles of wine are produced in Clairette du Languedoc AOC?
A
- Dry White
- Semi-Sweet White: max. 4.5% (45g/l) RS; rare
- Fortified White: 0.9-4.0% (9-40g/l) RS; rare
All wines are made exclusively from the Clairette grape variety.
9
Q
What topographical features influence the climate in Clairette du Languedoc AOC?
A
This appellation lies inland where:
* Mediterranean heat is mitigated by elevation (up to 990ft/300m) and
* Continental influences of the nearby Cevennes Mountains
10
Q
What soil types are found in Clairette du Languedoc AOC?
A
Limestone
11
Q
Where is Picpoul de Pinet AOC located?
A
The vineyards of this appellation descend to the large saltwater lake, Etang de Thau in the Languedoc - the only barrier between the vines and the sea.
12
Q
What style of wine is produced in Picpoul de Pinet AOC?
A
Dry White
Made exclusively from Piquepoul
13
Q
Where does Picpoul de Pinet AOC get its name?
A
- “Picpoul” is the Occitan spelling of the grape, Piquepoul
- Pinet is a village in the heart of the delimited zone of production
14
Q
What influences the climate in Picpoul de Pinet AOC?
A
- Year-round sea breezes moderate temperatures
- Due to low altitude, and its situation near the sea, there is a very narrow diurnal temperature swing
15
Q
How are grapes harvested in Picpoul de Pinet AOC?
A
By machine at night to bring slightly cooler fruit into the winery.
16
Q
What percentage of production in Picpoul de Pinet AOC do co-ops account for?
A
80%
17
Q
How are most wines in Picpoul de Pinet AOC produced?
A
- Fermented in stainless steel
- Bottled young to capitalize on the wine’s delicate citrus aromas
However, barrel-aged styles are also produced.
18
Q
Which former DGCs of the Langudeoc AOC have recently gained independent AOC status?
A
- Pic Saint-Loup AOC
- Terrasses du Larzac AOC
They lie close to the Cevennes Mountains.
19
Q
What styles of wine are produced in Pic Saint-Loup AOC?
A
- Rose
- Red
Wines must be a blend of at least two varieties, with Syrah always being one of them.
20
Q
Which grape varieties are permitted in Pic Saint-Loup AOC?
A
Rose/Gris:
* [S] Grenache Gris
Red:
* [P] Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre
* [S] Carignan, Cinsaut, Counoise, Morrastel
21
Q
Describe the landscape in Pic Saint-Loup AOC.
A
It is dominated by two limestone outcroppings, the tilted block of Pin Saint-Loup and the Falaise de l’Hortus (Cliff of Hortus). The two face each other midst an expanse of garrigue, whose characteristic resinous aroma often manifests itself in the wines.
22
Q
What is the climate in Pic Saint-Loup AOC?
A
More continental, despite being only 18.5mi/30km from the Mediterranean.
* Cold winters
* Warm summers
* Ample rain (up to 40in/1,000mm), most of which falls outside the growing season
23
Q
What styles of wine are produced in Terrasses du Larzac AOC?
A
Red
Wines must be a blend of 3 varieties.
Typically, they are Syrah, Grenache, & Mourvedre
24
Q
Which grape varieties are permitted in Terrasses du Larzac AOC?
A
Red:
* [P] Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Carignan
* [S] Cinsaut, Counoise, Lledoner Pelut, Morrastel, Terret Noir
25
What is the climate in **Terrasses du Larzac AOC**?
More **continental** (similar to Pic Saint-Loup).
26
How is it that **Terrasses du Larzac AOC** has some of the highest diurnal temperature swings in the **Languedoc**?
These vineyards are situated at the foot of the *Larzac Plateau* where it is not unusual to experience a 45°F/25°C diurnal temperature differential during the summer.
Cool air masses descend from the plateau in the evening hours.
27
What soil types are found in **Terrasses du Larzac AOC**?
A mix of *clays* & *limestone*.
28
What makes the wines of **Terrasses du Larzac AOC** high quality?
Most producers harvest grapes at much lower yields than the permitted maximum.
29
What percentage of the vineyards in **Terrasses du Larzac AOC** are organic?
**50%** (as of 2020)
30
Where is **Faugeres AOC** located?
This appellation is nestled within the foothills of the *Cevennes Mountains*, 12mi/20km north of *Beziers*.
Vineyard parcels are tucked in between woodland, garrigue & escarpments.
31
What factors influence the climate in **Faugeres AOC**?
* Elevation (plantings lie at an average of 990ft/300m) tempers the heat
* North winds tempers Mediterranean heat
32
What soil types are found in **Faugeres AOC**?
*Schist*
33
What styles of wine are produced in **Faugeres AOC**?
* *Dry White*: **Roussanne** must be included
* *Rose*
* *Red*
All wines must be a blend of at least 2 varieties.
Overall production is predominantly red.
34
Which grape varieties are permitted in **Faugeres AOC**?
White:
* [P] **Grenache Blanc**, **Marsanne**, **Roussanne**, **Vermentino**
* [S] **Clairette**, **Viognier**
Red:
* [P] **Grenache**, **Syrah**, **Mourvedre**, **Lledoner Pelut**
* [S] **Carignan**, **Cinsaut**
35
Where are the vineyards of **Saint-Chinian AOC** planted?
At the foot of the *Espinouse Mountains* midst hills and escarpments at elevations up to 1,320ft/400m in the **Languedoc**.
The elevation helps mitigate heat.
36
What soil types are found in **Saint-Chinian AOC**?
* *Schist*
* *Clay*/*limestone*
37
What styles of wine are produced in **Saint-Chinian AOC**?
* *Dry White*: **Grenache Blanc** is the most important variety for white wines
* *Rose*
* *Red*
The **3** main red varieties are: **Grenache**, **Syrah** & **Mourvedre** with a sizable contribution from **Lledoner Pelut**.
Most production is either *red* or *rose*.
38
Which grape varieties are permitted in **Saint-Chinian AOC**?
White:
* [P] **Grenache Blanc**, **Marsanne**, **Roussanne**, **Vermentino**
* [S] **Carignan Blanc**, **Clairette**, **Viognier**
Red:
* [P] **Grenache**, **Syrah**, **Mourvedre**, **Lledoner Pelut**
* [S] **Carignan**, **Cinsaut**
39
Name the **2 DGC**s of **Saint-Chinian AOC**.
* *Berlou*: *Reds*, typically from **Grenache**, **Syrah** & **Mourvedre** blends with a high percentage of the secondary grape **Carignan**
* *Roquebrun*: *Reds*, predominantly from **Grenache** & **Syrah**
These are both found on *schist* soils.
40
Where is **Minervois AOC** located?
This appellation is situated north of the *Canal du Midi* between *Carcassonne* (to the west) and *Narbonne* (to the east) in the **Languedoc**.
41
What soil types are found in **Minervois AOC**?
Predominantly *clay* & *limestone* with pockets of *sandstone*.
42
What styles of wine are produced in **Minervois AOC**?
* *Dry White*: must be min. 80% of the primary varieties
* *Rose*
* *Red*: tend to be **Syrah**-based with high proportions of **Grenache** & **Mourvedre**
The vast majority of production is red.
43
Which grape varieties are permitted in **Minervois AOC**?
White:
* [P] **Bourboulence**, **Grenache Blanc**, **Macabeu**, **Marsanne**, **Rousanne**, **Vermentino**
* [S] **Clairette**, **Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc**, **Piquepoul Blanc**, **Terret Blanc**
Red:
* [P] **Grenache**, **Syrah**, **Mourvedre**, **Lledoner Pelut**
* [S] **Cinsaut**, **Piquepoul Noir**, **Carignan**, **Rivairenc**, **Terret Noir**
44
Where is **La Liviniere AOC**?
This **AOC** lies in the northern portion of the **Minervois** appellation in the foothills of the *Montagne Noire*.
Note: This **AOC** was previously named **Minervois-La Liviniere AOC** and has since had **Minervois** removed from the appellation name.
| Errata 2022
45
What soil types are found in **La Liviniere AOC**?
*Schist*
46
What style of wine is produced in **La Liviniere AOC**?
*Red*
**Syrah**, **Grenache** & **Mourvedre** form the backbone of the blends with **Syrah** taking the primary role.
47
Which grape varieties are permitted in **La Liviniere AOC**?
Red:
* [P] **Grenache**, **Syrah**, **Lledoner Pelut**, **Mourvedre**
* [S] **Cinsaut**, **Piquepoul Noir**, **Carignan**, **Rivairenc**, **Terret Noir**
48
Describe the landscape in **La Clape AOC**.
This appellation is one of the most beautiful & yet hostile locations for grape cultivation in Languedoc.
The landscape is dominated by the Massif de la Clape, a limestone outcrop sandwiched between the city of Narbonne & the sea.
This is one of the hottest, driest & sunniest parts of France.
The vines are constantly battered by winds, and the soil is nothing but stones.
Note: in the last 10 years, the area has gained a reputation for producing some of the best wines in the region.
49
What styles of wine are produced in **La Clape AOC**?
* *Dry White*: Based on **Bourboulenc** & **Grenache Blanc**
* *Red*: Mainly **Grenache**, **Syrah**, & **Mourvedre**
50
Which grape varieties are permitted in **La Clape AOC**?
White:
* [P] **Bourboulenc**, **Clairette**, **Grenache Blanc**, **Marsanne**, **Roussanne**, **Vermentino**, **Piquepoul**
* [S] **Macabeu**, **Terret Blanc**, **Viognier**
Red:
* [P] **Grenache**, **Syrah**, **Mourvedre**
* [S] **Carignan**, **Cinsaut**
51
Which non-regional appellatioin is the largest in the **Languedoc**?
**Corbieres AOC**
And the **4th** largest by volume in France.
It covers 42,500ac/17,200ha of which 26,200/10,600ha are planted to the vine.
52
Where does **Corbieres AOC** get its name?
From the jagged limestone hills that dominate the region.
53
What soil types are found in **Corbieres AOC**?
Most vineyards are planted on limestone, but there is also:
* *Schist*
* *Red Clay*
* *Galets*
* *Marl*
54
What styles of wine are produced in **Corbieres AOC**?
* *Dry White*
* *Rose*
* *Red*
All styles of wine must be a blend of a least **2** varieties.
The over-whelming majority of production is **Carignan**-based red wine.
55
Which grape varieties are permitted in **Corbieres AOC**?
White:
* [P] **Bourboulenc**, **Grenache Blanc**, **Macabeu**, **Marsanne**, **Roussanne**, **Vermentino**
* [S] **Carignan Blanc**, **Clairette**, **Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc**, **Piquepoul Blanc**, **Terret Blanc**, **Viognier**
Rose/Gris:
* [S] **Grenache Gris**
Red:
* [P] **Grenache**, **Syrah**, **Mourvedre**, **Carignan**, **Lledoner Pelut**
* [S] **Cinsaut**, **Piquepoul Noir**, **Terret Noir**, **Marselan**
56
Where is **Boutenac AOC** located?
This appellation lies within the **Corbieres AOC** and is nestled within the protective flanks of the *Alaric Mountain* to the west and the *Massif de Fontfroide* to the east.
Note: this **AOC** was previously called **Corbieres Boutenac AOC** but the **Corbieres** has been dropped.
| Errata 2022
57
What soil types are found in **Corbieres Boutenac AOC**?
Soils are varied:
* *Iron-rich clay*
* *Limestone*
* *Galets*
58
What styles of wine are produced in **Corbieres Boutenac AOC**?
*Red*
No one variety can be more than **80%** of the blend, but at least **30%** must be **Carignan**.
59
Which grape varieties are permitted in **Corbieres Boutenac AOC**?
Red:
* [P] **Grenache**, **Mourvedre**, **Syrah**, **Carignan**
60
What are the non-contiguous zones of production for the **Fitou AOC**?
* *Fitou Maritime* (close to the coast)
* *Haut Fitou* (18mi/30km further inland, midst the mountains
61
What soil types are found in **Fitou AOC**?
* **Fitou** *Maritime*: *clay*/*limestone*
* *Haut **Fitou***: *limestone*/*sandstone*
62
What style of wine is produced in **Fitou AOC**?
*Red*
Wines are typically **Carignan** & **Grenache** blends.
63
Which grape varieties are permitted in **Fitou AOC**?
Red:
* [P] **Carignan**, **Grenache**
* [S] **Mourvedre**, **Syrah**
64
Which appellation in the **Languedoc** is the only one where there is an equal split between *Mediterranean* & *Atlantic* varieties?
**Cabardes AOC**
The climate here has dual influences that allow for both types of grapes.
65
What influences contribute to the winds in **Cabardes AOC**?
This is where the cooler Atlantic breezes meet the more temperate winds of the Mediterranean.
They blow alternately in an evenly divided struggle with neither triumphing over the other.
66
What soil types are found in **Cabardes AOC**?
* *Limestone*
* *Granite*
* *Gneiss*
67
What styles of wine are produced in **Cabardes AOC**?
* *Rose*
* *Red*
Blends must consist of at least **40%** **Cabernet Sauvignon**, **Merlot** and/or **Cabernet Franc** and at least **40%** **Grenache** and/or Syrah.
68
Which grape varieties are permitted in **Cabardes AOC**?
Red:
* [P] **Cabernet Sauvignon**, **Merlot**, **Cabernet Franc**, **Grenache**, **Syrah**
* [S] **Cot**, **Fer Servadou**, **Cinsaut**
69
Which is the most westerly appellation of the **Languedoc**?
**Malepere AOC**
It is flatter & more open than the other Atlantic-influenced appellations of Cabardes & Limoux, but it is subject to the same cool westerly breezes.
70
What soil types are found in **Malepere AOC**?
*Limestone* & *clay*
71
What styles of wine are produced in **Malepere AOC**?
* *Rose*: min. 40% **Cabernet Franc** (backbone)
* *Red*
Atlantic varieties make up the majority of the red blends:
* min. 40% **Merlot** (backbone)
* min. 20% **Cot** and/or **Cabernet Franc**
72
Which grape varieties are permitted in **Malepere AOC**?
Red:
* [P] **Cabernet Franc**, **Merlot**
* [S] **Cot**, **Cabernet Sauvignon**, **Cinsaut**, **Grenache**, **Lledoner Pelut**
73
Where is **Limoux AOC** located?
This appellation is located 22mi/35km southwest of *Carcassonne* in the *Aude Valley* in the **Languedoc**.
It is sheltered on three sides by two plateaus and the *Pyrenees*.
74
What soils types are found in **Limoux AOC**?
Stony clay-limestone
75
What styles of wines are produced in **Limoux AOC**?
* *Dry White*: from **Chardonnay**, **Chenin Blanc** & **Mauzac** (all must be hand-harvested)
* *Red*: primarily **Merlot**; **Cot**, **Syrah** and/or **Grenache** typically make up the balance (there must be min. 3 varieties in the blend and their proportions are stringently defined)
* *Sparkling White*
76
How are the white blended wines of **Limoux AOC** made?
* from Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc & Mauzac
* all grapes are hand-harvested
* wines are barrel fermented
* cannot be sold until May of the year after harvest
77
Which **Limoux AOC** white wine represents some of the best to be produced in the Languedoc?
**Limoux Chardonnay**
Production is small, but the overall quality level is very high.
78
How are red wines made in **Limoux AOC**?
* Primarily Merlot
* Cot, Syrah and/or Grenache make up the balance
* min. 3 varieties in the blend (proportions are stringently defined)
* grapes can be hand or machine harvested
* wines are aged in tank or barrel until at least April 15 of the year after vintage
The best red **Limoux** is both vivacious & structured.
79
Which sparkling wine claims to be the oldest in the world?
**Blanquette de Limoux**
80
How is **Blanquette de Limoux** made?
* Primarily **Mauzac**
* Possible additions of small amounts of **Chardonnay** and/or **Chenin Blanc**
* Wines are aged *sur lie* for 9 months
81
How is *Blanquette Methode Ancestrale* made?
* From 100% **Mauzac**
* Finished with 6-7% alcohol
* Min. 2 months aging
* Has a delicate sweetness
82
What styles of wine are produced in **Cremant de Limoux AOC**?
* *Sparkling White*
* *Sparkling Rose*
83
Which grape varieties are permitted in **Cremant de Limoux AOC**?
White:
* [P] **Chardonnay**
* [S] **Chenin Blanc**, **Mauzac Blanc**
Red:
* [S] **Pinot Noir**
84
What are the blending parameters for white sparkling wine from **Cremant de Limoux AOC**?
The typical blend is:
* 60% **Chardonnay**
* 30% **Chenin Blanc**
* 10% **Mauzac**
This is not a prescribed blend.
Most bottlings have a high proportion of **Chardonnay**.
**Pinot Noir** has recently been approved as a blending partner, so the "mix" is bound to start changing.
85
How are rose sparkling wines produced in **Cremant de Limoux AOC**?
A min. 15% of **Pinot Noir** is added to the *assemblage*.
86
Name the **4 Languedoc VDN**s.
* **Muscat de Lunel AOC**: min 11% (110g/l) RS
* **Muscat de Mireval AOC**: min 11% (110g/l) RS
* **Muscat de Frontignan AOC**: min 11% (110g/l) RS
* **Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois AOC**: min. 12.5% (125g/l) RS
87
What do all **4** of the **VDN** producing **AOC**s in **Languedoc** have in common?
* 100% **Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc**
* made in a reductive manner
* Grapes are hand harvested
* No irrigation is permitted
88
Where is **Muscat de Lunel AOC** located?
This appellation is situated between *Montpellier* and *Nimes* and is the most easterly of the **Langudoc** **Muscat** **AOC**s.
89
What soils are found in **Muscat de Lunel AOC**?
Rocky, with many *galets*
90
What is the climate in **Muscat de Lunel AOC**?
Decidedly **Mediterranean**
91
How early are the grapes in **Muscat de Lunel AOC** harvested and why?
Mid-August; due to the sun and reflected heat from the rocky soil
92
What topographical feature helps mitigate the heat in **Muscat de Mireval AOC** & **Muscat de Frontignan AOC**?
The *Mediterranean*; sea breezes mitigate the heat.
93
What soil types are found in **Muscat de Mireval AOC**?
*Clay* & *limestone* with a good sprinkling of *galets*.
94
What commune is shared by **Muscat de Mireval AOC** and **Muscat de Frontignan AOC**?
*Vic-la-Gardiole*
Here, producers can choose whether to label their wine as **Muscat de Mireval** or **Frontignan**.
95
Which is the oldest and largest of the **Muscat** **VDN**s in **Languedoc**?
**Muscat de Frontignan AOC**
96
What soil types are found in **Muscat de Frontignan AOC**?
Predominantly *clay* & *limestone*, with an increasing percentage of *sand* in the mix as vineyards approach the sea.
97
Which of the **VDN** producing **AOC**s of the **Languedoc** makes some of the most powerful **Muscats**?
**Muscat de Frontignan AOC**
98
Where is **Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois AOC** located?
This appellation is located in the northeastern corner of Minervois.
99
What is the climate in **Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois AOC**?
**Continental** influences due to elevation (825-990ft/250-300m).
100
What are the characteristics of wines from **Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois AOC**?
Very fragrant and floral with a higher level of acidity than their coastal counterparts.
101
How many **IGP**s are there in the **Languedoc**?
**20**
Including *regional*:
* **Pays d'Oc IGP** (By far the most important IGP in **Languedoc** and in France
*Departmental*:
* **Aude IGP**
*Local*/*Zonal*:
* **Cotes de Thongue IGP**
102
What styles of wine are produced under **Pays d'Oc IGP**?
* Dry White
* Rose
* Red
* Sweet White
103
Which grape varieties are permitted in **Pays d'Oc IGP**?
White:
* [P] Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Viognier, Grenache Blanc, Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc, Vermentino, Colombard, Terret Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne & other indigenous varieties.
Rose/Gris:
* [P] Grenache Gris & others
Red:
* [P] Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Carignan, Cinsaut, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc, Marselan & other indigenous & international varieties.
104
How much area does the **Pays d'Oc IGP** cover?
Around half the planted area of **Languedoc** & **Roussillon**.
105
How much wine is bottled under the **Pays d'Oc IGP**?
6.5 million hectolitres
(This is about half of Australia's total production, or around one-third of that of the USA)
This is the largest and most exported **IGP** in France.
106
What percentage of all French varietal wine is produced under **Pays d'Oc IGP**?
92%
107
How many grape varieties are sanctioned under **Pays d'Oc IGP**?
**58** (as of 2020)
Including newcomers:
* **Albarino**
* **Caladoc** (a **Grenache** x **Malbec** cross)
108
What percentage of wine production under **Pays d'Oc IGP** is red, white, or rose?
* 54% Red
* 25% White
* 21% Rose
109
What are the most used grape varieties under **Pays d'Oc IGP**?
* *Red* wines: **Merlot**, **Cabernet Sauvignon**, **Syrah**, totaling over 80%
* *White* wines: **Chardonnay**, **Sauvignon Blanc**, **Viognier**, totaling nearly 85%
* *Rose* wines: **Grenache**, **Cinsaut**, **Syrah**, totaling around 80%
110
What production rules apply to **Pays d'Oc IGP**?
* Requires tasting approval
* Non-varietally labeled wines must consist of more than 50% primary grapes and less than 50% secondary grapes in each respective wine category
* Wines can be labeled with several grape varieties if those varieties are principal grape varieties and if each constitutes at least 15% of the total
* White grapes may be incorporated into red & rose wine if red & white grape varieties are fermented together and if the white grapes constitute no more than 20% of the final blend
