Bourgogne: Appellations Part 1 Flashcards
1
Q
How is it that all Bourgogne wines rest at the top of the French wine pyramid?
A
It is all AOC.
2
Q
List the qualitative ranking system of Bourgogne.
A
Note: the pyramid is arranged from more general zones of production (bottom) to more specific zones of production (top).
3
Q
How does the Bourgogne ranking system differ to that of Bordeaux?
A
Bordeaux classifies its chateaux and ranks them into various quality tiers.
Burgundians classify the vineyards themselves.
4
Q
How are the vineyards in Bourgogne named?
A
- Single, unclassified vineyards all have names that respect their unique terroirs
- Good quality vineyards have earned Premier Cru status
- Great vineyards have earned Grand Cru status
5
Q
How long have some specific zones of production in Bourgogne been considered far superior to all others?
A
Since the Middle Ages or earlier.
6
Q
What is an indicator of a regional wine from Bourgogne on the label?
A
“Bourgogne” or “Macon” are usually incorporated into the name.
7
Q
How do the regional wines of Bourgogne taste?
A
As a blend of terroirs, these wines demonstrate regional typicity. They taste like wines from Bourgogne.
8
Q
List the 7 regional AOCs of Bourgogne.
A
- Bourgogne AOC (1937): 39% of Bourgogne regional AOC production
- Coteaux Bourguignons AOC (1937): 2% of production
- Macon AOC (1937): 28% of production
- Cremant de Bourgogne AOC (1975): 19% of production
- Bourgogne Mousseux AOC (1943)
- Bourgogne Aligote AOC (1937): 11% of production
- Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOC (1937): 1% of production
9
Q
What styles of wine are produced under Bourgogne AOC?
A
- Dry White
- Rose
- Red
10
Q
Which grape varieties are permitted under Bourgogne AOC?
A
White:
* [P] Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc
Rose/Gris:
* [S] Pinot Gris
Red:
* [P] Pinot Noir
* [S] Gamay (Beaujolais Crus), Cesar (in Yonne)
11
Q
What grapes are used to produce white wine from Bourgogne AOC?
A
Normally 100% Chardonnay.
But may also include:
* Pinot Blanc
* Pinot Gris
12
Q
What grapes are used to produce red wine under Bourgogne AOC?
A
Normally 100% Pinot Noir.
But may also include:
* Gamay (from Beaujolais Crus)
Red wine from the departement of Yonne could contain:
* Cesar
13
Q
What grapes are used to produce rose wine under Bourgogne AOC?
A
Normally Pinot Noir, but could contain other varieties.
14
Q
How is Bourgogne Rose sometimes labeled?
A
Clairet
15
Q
What is the grape requirement for a wine labeled as Bourgogne Gamay?
A
Min. 85% Gamay
Gamay grapes must be sourced from Beaujolais Crus.
16
Q
How many DGCs are there under Bourgogne AOC?
A
13 denominations geographiques complementaires
These formerly counted as AOCs. Each represents a more defined area within the Bourgogne AOC - some quite large, some quite small. Most make white, rose & red wines, with a few exceptions.
17
Q
Name the DGCs of Bourgogne AOC.
A
- Chitry
- Cote Chalonnaise
- Cote d’Auxerre
- Cote d’Or
- Cotes du Couchois
- Cote Saint-Jacques
- Coulanges-la-Vineuse
- Epineuil
- Hautes Cotes do Beaune
- Hautes Cotes de Nuits
- La Chapelle Notre-Dame
- Montrecul/Montre-Cul/En Montre-Cul
- Tonnerre
18
Q
Where is Cotes du Couchois located?
A
This small DGC of the Bourgogne AOC lies west of the Cote Chalonnaise.
19
Q
How large is Cotes du Couchois?
A
This small DGC consists of 6 communes and has just over 27ac/11ha planted as of 2018.
20
Q
What are some important facts about Cotes du Couchois?
A
- its clay, limestone & marl soils are an extension of those of the Hautes Cotes de Beaune
- vineyards are between 650-1,000ft/200-300m in elevation
- received recognition as a unique area within Bourgogne AOC in 2000
- produces only red wine
21
Q
What wine styles are produced in Coteaux Bourguignons AOC?
A
- Dry white
- Rose
- Red
22
Q
Which grape varieties are permitted under Coteaux Bourguignons AOC?
A
White:
* [P] Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Aligote, Melon
Rose/Gris:
* [P] Pinot Gris
Red:
* [P] Gamay, Pinot Noir, Cesar (in Yonne)
23
Q
Which regional Bourgogne appellation is the most general of the AOCs?
A
Coteaux Bourguignons AOC
Formally called Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire.
24
Q
What grapes are used to produce white wines under Coteaux Bourguignons AOC?
A
These wines can be produced from a number of grapes. Including:
* Chardonnay
* Pinot Blanc
* Aligote
* Melon
25
What grapes are used to produce *red* wines under **Coteaux Bourguignons AOC**?
**Gamay** and/or **Pinot Noir**.
**Cesar** in *Yonne*.
26
Which grapes are used to produce *rose* wines under **Coteaux Bourguignons AOC**?
**Gamay** and/or **Pinot Noir** (same as red).
With the addition of **Pinot Gris**.
27
Which grapes can be incorporated into **Coteaux Bourguignons AOC** wines, only if planted prior to 2009?
* **Sacy** (white grape)
* **Tressot** (red grape)
28
What wine styles are produced in **Macon AOC**?
* Dry white
* Rose
* Red
29
Which grapes are permitted under **Macon AOC**?
White:
* [P] **Chardonnay**
Red:
* [P] **Gamay**, **Pinot Noir**
30
Which grapes are used to produce *white* wines from **Macon AOC**?
100% **Chardonnay**
31
Which grapes are used to produce *red* and *rose* wines from **Macon AOC**?
**Pinot Noir** and **Gamay**
32
How many **DGC**s are there in **Macon AOC**?
* **26** for white wines
* **20** for red & rose wines
33
What are the grape requirements for wines produced by the DGCs of **Macon AOC**?
Must use only:
* **Chardonnay** or
* **Gamay**
**Pinot Noir** is not permitted.
34
What style of wine is produced under **Macon-Villages**?
White wine only
35
What wine styles are produced under **Cremant de Bourgogne AOC**?
* Sparkling White
* Sparkling Rose
36
Which grape varieties are permitted under **Cremant de Bourgogne AOC**?
White:
* [P] **Chardonnay**, **Pinot Blanc**, **Aligote**, **Melon**, **Sacy**
Rose/Gris:
* [P] **Pinot Gris**
Red:
* [P] **Pinot Noir**, **Gamay**
37
What are the grape varieties most often used in **Cremant de Bourgogne**?
* **Chardonnay**
* **Pinot Blanc**
* **Pinot Gris**
* **Pinot Noir**
38
How much time is **Cremant de Bourgogne AOC** required to spend *sur lie*?
**9 months** (standard)
39
Name the premium styles of **Cremant de Bourgogne AOC**.
* *Eminent*
* *Grand Eminent*
40
What are the requirements of a **Cremant de Bourgogne AOC** labeled *Eminent*?
Required to undergo a min. of 24 months aging *sur lie*.
41
What are the requirements of a **Cremant de Bourgogne AOC** labeled *Grand Eminent*?
* must undergo min. **36 months** aging *sur lie*
* plus min. **3 months** in the cellar between disgorgement and release
* *Brut* style
* Must receive less than 1.5% (15g/l) dosage
* min. 10% alcohol
* only the first 75% of the juice extracted from the press can be used
Whites can be crafted from:
* **Chardonnay** and
* **Pinot Noir**
Rose allows for the inclusion of:
* up to 20% **Gamay**
42
What style of wine is produced under **Bourgogne Mousseux AOC**?
Sparkling Red
43
Which grape varieties are permitted under **Bourgogne Mousseux AOC**?
White:
* [S] **Chardonnay**, **Pinot Blanc**, **Aligote**, **Melon**
Rose/Gris:
* [S] **Pinot Gris**
Red:
* [P] **Gamay**, **Pinot Noir**, **Cesar** (*Yonne*)
44
How is **Bourgogne Mousseux AOC** made?
* *traditional method*
* primarily from **Gamay** and/or **Pinot Noir**
* In *Yonne*, **Cesar** may also be used
* aged 9 months on lees
* must be min. 3.5 atms
45
What style of wine is produced under the **Bourgogne Aligote AOC**?
Dry white
46
Which grape varieties are permitted for **Bourgogne Aligote AOC**?
Only **Aligote**
Wines are all 100% **Aligote**.
47
What styles of wine are produced under the **Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOC**?
* Rose
* Red
48
Which grape varieties are permitted under the **Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOC**?
White:
* [S] **Chardonnay**, **Pinot Blanc**
Rose/Gris:
* [S] **Pinot Gris**
Red:
[P] **Gamay**, **Pinot Noir**
49
What are the grape requirements for wines from **Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOC**?
* min. 30% **Pinot Noir**
* min. 15% **Gamay**
The other permitted varieties may be used in a field blend.
* Chardonnay
* Pinot Blanc
* Pinot Gris
50
In **Bourgogne**, when is varietal nomenclature permitted?
Only on regional labels.
Not on the labels of any higher levels within the **Bourgogne** wine quality pyramid.
51
What are **Bourgogne Village** wines?
* wines made from grapes grown within a specific zone of production surrounding a specific *village* within **Bourgogne**
* a blend of different vineyard sites and thus a blend of *terroirs*
* zone of production is smaller than the regional** AOC**s, but wider than *Premier*/*Grand Cru*
52
What are a couple examples of wines demonstrating a typicity characteristic of the smaller and more focused zone of production of **Bourgogne Village** wine?
* **Chambolle-Musigny**: elegant, with silken tannins & gossamer perfume
* **Nuits-Saint-Georges**: exuberantly fruity
53
How is a **Bourgogne Village** wine labeled when produced from a single vineyard?
The producer may put the name of the *lieu-dit* (or *climat*) on the label.
54
How many *village* wines are there in **Bourgogne**?
**44**
Representing **37%** of **Bourgogne**'s total production (2019)
55
What is a *Premier Cru* in **Bourgogne**?
This category represtents a single vineyard or *climat* with a reputation for producing high-quality wine.
The name of the vineyard appears on the label along with the village name and the words "*Premier Cru*" or "*1er Cru*."
Although it is not obligatory to designate the vineyard as *Premire Cru* on the label, most producers do.
56
What does it mean if a **Bourgogne** wine is labeled "*Premier Cru*" but does not list the name of the vineyard?
The wine is a blend of more than one *Premier Cru* vineyard.
57
How many *Premier Cru*s are there in **Bourgogne**?
**662** (2020)
Increased from 640 with the addition of 22 from **Pouilly-Fuiss**e.
In 2019, the 640 produced 10% of **Bourgogne**'s total production of wine.
58
How are **Bourgogne** *Premier Cru* wines categorized?
Because these wines bear the village name on the label, they are incorporated into the village **AOC** category as separate *climats* NOT as separate and individual **AOC**s.
59
What is a *Grand Cru* in **Bourgogne**?
This represents a single vineyard with a reputation for producing truly exceptional wine.
Only the name of the vineyard appears on the label along with the workds "*Grand Cru*." (The exception to this rule is **Chablis**; the village of **Chablis** always accompanies the *Grand Cru* vineyard name on the label.)
60
How many *Grand Cru* vineyards are there in **Bourgogne**?
**33**
These are responsible for 1% of the total wine production in **Bourgogne** (2019).
61
Name the sub-regions of **Bourgogne**.
* **Chablis**:
* **Grand Auxerrois**
* **Chatillonnais**
* **Cote d'Or**:
* **Cote de Nuits**
* **Cote de Beaune**
* **Cote Chalonnaise**
* **The Maconnais**
62
Where are **Chablis** vineyards located?
On the slopes of the *Serein River Valley*.
63
Where are the **Grand Auxerrois** vineyards located?
Around the towns of:
* *Tonnerre*
* *Vezelay*
* *Joigny*
64
Where are the vineyards of the **Chatillonnais** located?
East of **Chablis**.
65
What is the climate in **Chablis**, **Grand Auxerrois** & **Chatillonnais**?
**Continental** with oceanic influences.
* Summers are warm
* Winters are cold
* Fall can be dry & sunny
* Wide diurnal temperature swings
* Springs are susceptible to frost
* 25-27in/635-685mm rainfall per year (sufficient for the vine)
66
What soil types are found in **Chablis**?
Grand Cru, Premier Cru & most of the Chablis AOC vineyards are situated on
* *Kimmeridgean marl*
Petit Chablis AOC are situated on:
* *Portlandian marl*
67
What is *Kimmeridgean marl*?
This sedimentary soil is a special kind of limestone-rich clay formed 160mya.
It is considered superior to *Portlandian marl*.
68
What does *Kimmeridgean marl* contribute to the wines of **Chablis**?
At these latitudes, this soil conveys a high-tensile strength and racy edge to its wines. The wines are almost "electric."
69
What is *Portlandian marl*?
This is a sedimentary soil that formed 140-150mya.
70
How does **Petit Chablis** compare to **Chablis**?
**Petit Chablis** vineyards tend to be at higher altitudes and therefore cooler, so wines are sharper and more tart.
71
What soils are found in **Chatillonnais** and **Grand Auxerrois**?
Mostly comprised of *Portlandian marl*.
Note: these vineyards are located in areas even cooler than Chablis.
72
What styles of wine can you expect to see from **Chablis**, **Grand Auxerrois** and **Chatillonnais**?
* **Chablis** produces 100% white wine
* **Grand Auxerrois** is 60% white & 40% red
* **Chatillonnais** specializes in **Cremant de Bourgogne**.
73
Name the 3 appellations of **Chablis**.
* **Chablis Grand Cru AOC** (1938)
* **Chablis AOC** (1938): Includes *Premiers Crus*
* **Petit Chablis AOC** (1944)
74
Name the 4 categories of **Chablis**.
1. **Grand Cru**
2. **Premier Cru**
3. **Chablis**
4. **Petit Chablis**
These different categories represent a quality hierarchy based on soil type and location (site/aspect)
75
What style of wine is produced in all of the **Chablis** appellations?
Dry white
76
Which grape(s) are permitted in the production of wine in all of the **Chablis** appellations?
White: [P] **Chardonnay**
77
What are the **7** climats of **Chablis Grand Cru AOC**?
1. *Blanchot*
2. *Bougros*
3. *Les Clos*
4. *Grenouilles*
5. *Preuses*
6. *Valmur*
7. *Vaudesir*
78
How many *Grand Cru*s are there in **Chablis**?
**One**; it is made up of **7** *climats*
79
Where is **Chablis Grand Cru AOC** located?
This *Grand Cru* is made up of **7** *climats* which all share a single hillside.
80
What soil type is found in **Chablis Grand Cru AOC**?
*Kimmeridgean marl*
81
What is *La Moutonne*?
This *climat* lies on the **Chablis Grand Cru** hill and was excluded from the official decree; however it is considered an unofficial **Grand Cru** *climat*.
It is a *monopole* of *Domaine Long-Depaquit* and lies 95% in *Vaudesir* and 5% in *Preuses*. (Each being *climats* of the **Chablis Grand Cru**)
82
How many *Premiers Crus* are there in **Chablis AOC**?
* **17** Umbrella *Premiers Crus*
* **40** *Premiers Crus* in total
Note: producers can choose to use their own *climat* name on the label or that of the umbrella *climat*.
83
Where are the vineyards of **Chablis AOC** located?
Some are located on slopes, some are located on the plains, but all cluster around the village of *Chablis*.
Note: Expansion into the plains occured in the 1980s in response to market demand.
84
Where are the *Premiers Crus* vineyards of **Chablis AOC** located?
All are spread along both banks of the Serein River, located on slopes in relatively close proximity to the river.
85
What soil type(s) are found in the *Premiers Crus* vineyards of **Chablis AOC**?
*Kimmeridgean marl*
86
Where are the vineyards of **Petit Chablis AOC** located?
* On *Portlandian soil*s towards the hilltops, or
* On less propitiously sited vineyard land away from the principal slopes and valleys of the appellation
87
How is the majority of fruit from Grand Auxerrois bottled?
* regional **Bourgogne**
* **Bourgogne** plus *denomination geographique complementaire*
88
Name the village appellations of **Grand Auxerrois**.
* **Saint-Bris AOC** (2003)
* **Irancy AOC** (1999)
* **Vezelay AOC** (2017)
89
What style of wine is produced in **Saint-Bris AOC**?
Dry White
90
What grape varieties are permitted under **Saint-Bris AOC**?
White:
* [P] **Sauvignon Blanc**
Rose/Gris:
* [P] **Sauvignon Gris**
91
How long have **Sauvignon Blanc**/**Gris** vines been growing in **Saint-Bris AOC**?
Since the mid-1800s.
The first vines possibly came from Sancerre, which is only 80mil/120km away.
92
What soils are found in **Saint-Bris AOC**?
* *Kimmeridgean marl*
* *Portlandian marl*
93
What style of wine is produced in **Irancy AOC**?
Red
94
Which grape varieties are permitted in **Irancy AOC**?
Rose/Gris:
* [S] **Pinot Gris**: optional inclusion in small amounts
Red:
* [P] **Pinot Noir**: Irancy is made from this
* [S] **Cesar**: optional inclusion in small amounts, but there are only 12ac/5ha planted here
95
What soil type is found in **Irancy AOC**?
*Kimmeridgean marls*
96
What style of wine is produced in **Vezelay AOC**?
Dry White
97
Which grapes are permitted in **Vezelay AOC**?
White:
* [P] **Chardonnay**
98
What soil types are found in **Vezelay AOC**?
* Clay
* Limestone
99
Rank the wine production of the **Chablis** and **Grand Auxerrois AOC**s.
1. **Chablis AOC** (58%)
2. **Petit Chablis** (19%)
3. **Chablis Premier Cru** (14%)
4. **Saint-Bris AOC** (3%)
5. **Irancy AOC** (3%)
6. **Chablis Grand Cru AOC** (2%)
7. **Vezelay AOC** (1%)
100
Where is **Chatillonais** located?
This small growing area is east of *Tonnerre* and to the northwest of *Dijon*.
101
What wine is produced in **Chatillonnais**?
Regional *Cremant de Bourgogne* from:
* **Pinot Noir**
* **Gamay**
* **Chardonnay**
* **Aligote**
