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French Wine Scholar > Bourgogne: Appellations Part 1 > Flashcards

Bourgogne: Appellations Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How is it that all Bourgogne wines rest at the top of the French wine pyramid?

A

It is all AOC.

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2
Q

List the qualitative ranking system of Bourgogne.

A

Note: the pyramid is arranged from more general zones of production (bottom) to more specific zones of production (top).

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3
Q

How does the Bourgogne ranking system differ to that of Bordeaux?

A

Bordeaux classifies its chateaux and ranks them into various quality tiers.

Burgundians classify the vineyards themselves.

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4
Q

How are the vineyards in Bourgogne named?

A
  • Single, unclassified vineyards all have names that respect their unique terroirs
  • Good quality vineyards have earned Premier Cru status
  • Great vineyards have earned Grand Cru status
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5
Q

How long have some specific zones of production in Bourgogne been considered far superior to all others?

A

Since the Middle Ages or earlier.

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6
Q

What is an indicator of a regional wine from Bourgogne on the label?

A

“Bourgogne” or “Macon” are usually incorporated into the name.

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7
Q

How do the regional wines of Bourgogne taste?

A

As a blend of terroirs, these wines demonstrate regional typicity. They taste like wines from Bourgogne.

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8
Q

List the 7 regional AOCs of Bourgogne.

A
  1. Bourgogne AOC (1937): 39% of Bourgogne regional AOC production
  2. Coteaux Bourguignons AOC (1937): 2% of production
  3. Macon AOC (1937): 28% of production
  4. Cremant de Bourgogne AOC (1975): 19% of production
  5. Bourgogne Mousseux AOC (1943)
  6. Bourgogne Aligote AOC (1937): 11% of production
  7. Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOC (1937): 1% of production
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9
Q

What styles of wine are produced under Bourgogne AOC?

A
  • Dry White
  • Rose
  • Red
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10
Q

Which grape varieties are permitted under Bourgogne AOC?

A

White:
* [P] Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc

Rose/Gris:
* [S] Pinot Gris

Red:
* [P] Pinot Noir
* [S] Gamay (Beaujolais Crus), Cesar (in Yonne)

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11
Q

What grapes are used to produce white wine from Bourgogne AOC?

A

Normally 100% Chardonnay.

But may also include:
* Pinot Blanc
* Pinot Gris

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12
Q

What grapes are used to produce red wine under Bourgogne AOC?

A

Normally 100% Pinot Noir.

But may also include:
* Gamay (from Beaujolais Crus)

Red wine from the departement of Yonne could contain:
* Cesar

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13
Q

What grapes are used to produce rose wine under Bourgogne AOC?

A

Normally Pinot Noir, but could contain other varieties.

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14
Q

How is Bourgogne Rose sometimes labeled?

A

Clairet

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15
Q

What is the grape requirement for a wine labeled as Bourgogne Gamay?

A

Min. 85% Gamay

Gamay grapes must be sourced from Beaujolais Crus.

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16
Q

How many DGCs are there under Bourgogne AOC?

A

13 denominations geographiques complementaires

These formerly counted as AOCs. Each represents a more defined area within the Bourgogne AOC - some quite large, some quite small. Most make white, rose & red wines, with a few exceptions.

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17
Q

Name the DGCs of Bourgogne AOC.

A
  1. Chitry
  2. Cote Chalonnaise
  3. Cote d’Auxerre
  4. Cote d’Or
  5. Cotes du Couchois
  6. Cote Saint-Jacques
  7. Coulanges-la-Vineuse
  8. Epineuil
  9. Hautes Cotes do Beaune
  10. Hautes Cotes de Nuits
  11. La Chapelle Notre-Dame
  12. Montrecul/Montre-Cul/En Montre-Cul
  13. Tonnerre
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18
Q

Where is Cotes du Couchois located?

A

This small DGC of the Bourgogne AOC lies west of the Cote Chalonnaise.

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19
Q

How large is Cotes du Couchois?

A

This small DGC consists of 6 communes and has just over 27ac/11ha planted as of 2018.

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20
Q

What are some important facts about Cotes du Couchois?

A
  • its clay, limestone & marl soils are an extension of those of the Hautes Cotes de Beaune
  • vineyards are between 650-1,000ft/200-300m in elevation
  • received recognition as a unique area within Bourgogne AOC in 2000
  • produces only red wine
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21
Q

What wine styles are produced in Coteaux Bourguignons AOC?

A
  • Dry white
  • Rose
  • Red
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22
Q

Which grape varieties are permitted under Coteaux Bourguignons AOC?

A

White:
* [P] Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Aligote, Melon

Rose/Gris:
* [P] Pinot Gris

Red:
* [P] Gamay, Pinot Noir, Cesar (in Yonne)

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23
Q

Which regional Bourgogne appellation is the most general of the AOCs?

A

Coteaux Bourguignons AOC
Formally called Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire.

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24
Q

What grapes are used to produce white wines under Coteaux Bourguignons AOC?

A

These wines can be produced from a number of grapes. Including:
* Chardonnay
* Pinot Blanc
* Aligote
* Melon

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25
Q

What grapes are used to produce red wines under Coteaux Bourguignons AOC?

A

Gamay and/or Pinot Noir.

Cesar in Yonne.

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26
Q

Which grapes are used to produce rose wines under Coteaux Bourguignons AOC?

A

Gamay and/or Pinot Noir (same as red).
With the addition of Pinot Gris.

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27
Q

Which grapes can be incorporated into Coteaux Bourguignons AOC wines, only if planted prior to 2009?

A
  • Sacy (white grape)
  • Tressot (red grape)
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28
Q

What wine styles are produced in Macon AOC?

A
  • Dry white
  • Rose
  • Red
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29
Q

Which grapes are permitted under Macon AOC?

A

White:
* [P] Chardonnay

Red:
* [P] Gamay, Pinot Noir

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30
Q

Which grapes are used to produce white wines from Macon AOC?

A

100% Chardonnay

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31
Q

Which grapes are used to produce red and rose wines from Macon AOC?

A

Pinot Noir and Gamay

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32
Q

How many DGCs are there in Macon AOC?

A
  • 26 for white wines
  • 20 for red & rose wines
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33
Q

What are the grape requirements for wines produced by the DGCs of Macon AOC?

A

Must use only:
* Chardonnay or
* Gamay

Pinot Noir is not permitted.

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34
Q

What style of wine is produced under Macon-Villages?

A

White wine only

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35
Q

What wine styles are produced under Cremant de Bourgogne AOC?

A
  • Sparkling White
  • Sparkling Rose
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36
Q

Which grape varieties are permitted under Cremant de Bourgogne AOC?

A

White:
* [P] Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Aligote, Melon, Sacy

Rose/Gris:
* [P] Pinot Gris

Red:
* [P] Pinot Noir, Gamay

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37
Q

What are the grape varieties most often used in Cremant de Bourgogne?

A
  • Chardonnay
  • Pinot Blanc
  • Pinot Gris
  • Pinot Noir
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38
Q

How much time is Cremant de Bourgogne AOC required to spend sur lie?

A

9 months (standard)

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39
Q

Name the premium styles of Cremant de Bourgogne AOC.

A
  • Eminent
  • Grand Eminent
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40
Q

What are the requirements of a Cremant de Bourgogne AOC labeled Eminent?

A

Required to undergo a min. of 24 months aging sur lie.

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41
Q

What are the requirements of a Cremant de Bourgogne AOC labeled Grand Eminent?

A
  • must undergo min. 36 months aging sur lie
  • plus min. 3 months in the cellar between disgorgement and release
  • Brut style
  • Must receive less than 1.5% (15g/l) dosage
  • min. 10% alcohol
  • only the first 75% of the juice extracted from the press can be used

Whites can be crafted from:
* Chardonnay and
* Pinot Noir

Rose allows for the inclusion of:
* up to 20% Gamay

42
Q

What style of wine is produced under Bourgogne Mousseux AOC?

A

Sparkling Red

43
Q

Which grape varieties are permitted under Bourgogne Mousseux AOC?

A

White:
* [S] Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Aligote, Melon

Rose/Gris:
* [S] Pinot Gris

Red:
* [P] Gamay, Pinot Noir, Cesar (Yonne)

44
Q

How is Bourgogne Mousseux AOC made?

A
  • traditional method
  • primarily from Gamay and/or Pinot Noir
  • In Yonne, Cesar may also be used
  • aged 9 months on lees
  • must be min. 3.5 atms
45
Q

What style of wine is produced under the Bourgogne Aligote AOC?

A

Dry white

46
Q

Which grape varieties are permitted for Bourgogne Aligote AOC?

A

Only Aligote

Wines are all 100% Aligote.

47
Q

What styles of wine are produced under the Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOC?

A
  • Rose
  • Red
48
Q

Which grape varieties are permitted under the Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOC?

A

White:
* [S] Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc

Rose/Gris:
* [S] Pinot Gris

Red:
[P] Gamay, Pinot Noir

49
Q

What are the grape requirements for wines from Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOC?

A
  • min. 30% Pinot Noir
  • min. 15% Gamay

The other permitted varieties may be used in a field blend.
* Chardonnay
* Pinot Blanc
* Pinot Gris

50
Q

In Bourgogne, when is varietal nomenclature permitted?

A

Only on regional labels.
Not on the labels of any higher levels within the Bourgogne wine quality pyramid.

51
Q

What are Bourgogne Village wines?

A
  • wines made from grapes grown within a specific zone of production surrounding a specific village within Bourgogne
  • a blend of different vineyard sites and thus a blend of terroirs
  • zone of production is smaller than the regional** AOCs, but wider than *Premier/Grand Cru*
52
Q

What are a couple examples of wines demonstrating a typicity characteristic of the smaller and more focused zone of production of Bourgogne Village wine?

A
  • Chambolle-Musigny: elegant, with silken tannins & gossamer perfume
  • Nuits-Saint-Georges: exuberantly fruity
53
Q

How is a Bourgogne Village wine labeled when produced from a single vineyard?

A

The producer may put the name of the lieu-dit (or climat) on the label.

54
Q

How many village wines are there in Bourgogne?

A

44

Representing 37% of Bourgogne’s total production (2019)

55
Q

What is a Premier Cru in Bourgogne?

A

This category represtents a single vineyard or climat with a reputation for producing high-quality wine.
The name of the vineyard appears on the label along with the village name and the words “Premier Cru” or “1er Cru.”
Although it is not obligatory to designate the vineyard as Premire Cru on the label, most producers do.

56
Q

What does it mean if a Bourgogne wine is labeled “Premier Cru” but does not list the name of the vineyard?

A

The wine is a blend of more than one Premier Cru vineyard.

57
Q

How many Premier Crus are there in Bourgogne?

A

662 (2020)

Increased from 640 with the addition of 22 from Pouilly-Fuisse.
In 2019, the 640 produced 10% of Bourgogne’s total production of wine.

58
Q

How are Bourgogne Premier Cru wines categorized?

A

Because these wines bear the village name on the label, they are incorporated into the village AOC category as separate climats NOT as separate and individual AOCs.

59
Q

What is a Grand Cru in Bourgogne?

A

This represents a single vineyard with a reputation for producing truly exceptional wine.
Only the name of the vineyard appears on the label along with the workds “Grand Cru.” (The exception to this rule is Chablis; the village of Chablis always accompanies the Grand Cru vineyard name on the label.)

60
Q

How many Grand Cru vineyards are there in Bourgogne?

A

33

These are responsible for 1% of the total wine production in Bourgogne (2019).

61
Q

Name the sub-regions of Bourgogne.

A
  • Chablis:
    • Grand Auxerrois
    • Chatillonnais
  • Cote d’Or:
    • Cote de Nuits
    • Cote de Beaune
  • Cote Chalonnaise
  • The Maconnais
62
Q

Where are Chablis vineyards located?

A

On the slopes of the Serein River Valley.

63
Q

Where are the Grand Auxerrois vineyards located?

A

Around the towns of:
* Tonnerre
* Vezelay
* Joigny

64
Q

Where are the vineyards of the Chatillonnais located?

A

East of Chablis.

65
Q

What is the climate in Chablis, Grand Auxerrois & Chatillonnais?

A

Continental with oceanic influences.

  • Summers are warm
  • Winters are cold
  • Fall can be dry & sunny
  • Wide diurnal temperature swings
  • Springs are susceptible to frost
  • 25-27in/635-685mm rainfall per year (sufficient for the vine)
66
Q

What soil types are found in Chablis?

A

Grand Cru, Premier Cru & most of the Chablis AOC vineyards are situated on
* Kimmeridgean marl

Petit Chablis AOC are situated on:
* Portlandian marl

67
Q

What is Kimmeridgean marl?

A

This sedimentary soil is a special kind of limestone-rich clay formed 160mya.
It is considered superior to Portlandian marl.

68
Q

What does Kimmeridgean marl contribute to the wines of Chablis?

A

At these latitudes, this soil conveys a high-tensile strength and racy edge to its wines. The wines are almost “electric.”

69
Q

What is Portlandian marl?

A

This is a sedimentary soil that formed 140-150mya.

70
Q

How does Petit Chablis compare to Chablis?

A

Petit Chablis vineyards tend to be at higher altitudes and therefore cooler, so wines are sharper and more tart.

71
Q

What soils are found in Chatillonnais and Grand Auxerrois?

A

Mostly comprised of Portlandian marl.

Note: these vineyards are located in areas even cooler than Chablis.

72
Q

What styles of wine can you expect to see from Chablis, Grand Auxerrois and Chatillonnais?

A
  • Chablis produces 100% white wine
  • Grand Auxerrois is 60% white & 40% red
  • Chatillonnais specializes in Cremant de Bourgogne.
73
Q

Name the 3 appellations of Chablis.

A
  • Chablis Grand Cru AOC (1938)
  • Chablis AOC (1938): Includes Premiers Crus
  • Petit Chablis AOC (1944)
74
Q

Name the 4 categories of Chablis.

A
  1. Grand Cru
  2. Premier Cru
  3. Chablis
  4. Petit Chablis

These different categories represent a quality hierarchy based on soil type and location (site/aspect)

75
Q

What style of wine is produced in all of the Chablis appellations?

A

Dry white

76
Q

Which grape(s) are permitted in the production of wine in all of the Chablis appellations?

A

White: [P] Chardonnay

77
Q

What are the 7 climats of Chablis Grand Cru AOC?

A
  1. Blanchot
  2. Bougros
  3. Les Clos
  4. Grenouilles
  5. Preuses
  6. Valmur
  7. Vaudesir
78
Q

How many Grand Crus are there in Chablis?

A

One; it is made up of 7 climats

79
Q

Where is Chablis Grand Cru AOC located?

A

This Grand Cru is made up of 7 climats which all share a single hillside.

80
Q

What soil type is found in Chablis Grand Cru AOC?

A

Kimmeridgean marl

81
Q

What is La Moutonne?

A

This climat lies on the Chablis Grand Cru hill and was excluded from the official decree; however it is considered an unofficial Grand Cru climat.
It is a monopole of Domaine Long-Depaquit and lies 95% in Vaudesir and 5% in Preuses. (Each being climats of the Chablis Grand Cru)

82
Q

How many Premiers Crus are there in Chablis AOC?

A
  • 17 Umbrella Premiers Crus
  • 40 Premiers Crus in total

Note: producers can choose to use their own climat name on the label or that of the umbrella climat.

83
Q

Where are the vineyards of Chablis AOC located?

A

Some are located on slopes, some are located on the plains, but all cluster around the village of Chablis.

Note: Expansion into the plains occured in the 1980s in response to market demand.

84
Q

Where are the Premiers Crus vineyards of Chablis AOC located?

A

All are spread along both banks of the Serein River, located on slopes in relatively close proximity to the river.

85
Q

What soil type(s) are found in the Premiers Crus vineyards of Chablis AOC?

A

Kimmeridgean marl

86
Q

Where are the vineyards of Petit Chablis AOC located?

A
  • On Portlandian soils towards the hilltops, or
  • On less propitiously sited vineyard land away from the principal slopes and valleys of the appellation
87
Q

How is the majority of fruit from Grand Auxerrois bottled?

A
  • regional Bourgogne
  • Bourgogne plus denomination geographique complementaire
88
Q

Name the village appellations of Grand Auxerrois.

A
  • Saint-Bris AOC (2003)
  • Irancy AOC (1999)
  • Vezelay AOC (2017)
89
Q

What style of wine is produced in Saint-Bris AOC?

A

Dry White

90
Q

What grape varieties are permitted under Saint-Bris AOC?

A

White:
* [P] Sauvignon Blanc

Rose/Gris:
* [P] Sauvignon Gris

91
Q

How long have Sauvignon Blanc/Gris vines been growing in Saint-Bris AOC?

A

Since the mid-1800s.

The first vines possibly came from Sancerre, which is only 80mil/120km away.

92
Q

What soils are found in Saint-Bris AOC?

A
  • Kimmeridgean marl
  • Portlandian marl
93
Q

What style of wine is produced in Irancy AOC?

A

Red

94
Q

Which grape varieties are permitted in Irancy AOC?

A

Rose/Gris:
* [S] Pinot Gris: optional inclusion in small amounts

Red:
* [P] Pinot Noir: Irancy is made from this
* [S] Cesar: optional inclusion in small amounts, but there are only 12ac/5ha planted here

95
Q

What soil type is found in Irancy AOC?

A

Kimmeridgean marls

96
Q

What style of wine is produced in Vezelay AOC?

A

Dry White

97
Q

Which grapes are permitted in Vezelay AOC?

A

White:
* [P] Chardonnay

98
Q

What soil types are found in Vezelay AOC?

A
  • Clay
  • Limestone
99
Q

Rank the wine production of the Chablis and Grand Auxerrois AOCs.

A
  1. Chablis AOC (58%)
  2. Petit Chablis (19%)
  3. Chablis Premier Cru (14%)
  4. Saint-Bris AOC (3%)
  5. Irancy AOC (3%)
  6. Chablis Grand Cru AOC (2%)
  7. Vezelay AOC (1%)
100
Q

Where is Chatillonais located?

A

This small growing area is east of Tonnerre and to the northwest of Dijon.

101
Q

What wine is produced in Chatillonnais?

A

Regional Cremant de Bourgogne from:
* Pinot Noir
* Gamay
* Chardonnay
* Aligote

French Wine Scholar (34 decks)

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