Fundamentals: Grape Varieties, White Grapes Flashcards
Which varieties were the most commonly grown grape in northeastern France (and southwestern Germany) during the Middle Ages?
- Pinot
- Savagnin
- Gouais Blanc
Note: their offspring comprise many of the more popular grapes in commercial production today.
Name the grape varieties that are native to France.
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Chardonnay
- Gamay
- Merlot
- Malbec
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Syrah
Describe the Aligote grape variety.
- vigorous vine producer
- aromatic fruit
What are the characteristics of wines produced from Aligote?
- High acidity
- Medium body
- pretty jasmin & vanilla perfume
Aligote is a natural cross between which two grape varieties?
Pinot x Gouais Blanc
Which regions in France will you find Aligote?
- Beaujolais
- Bourgogne
- Rhone (Diois)
- Savoie
What are the characteristics of the Altesse grape variety?
- very shy producer (a 1.5ton/ac [25hl/] harvest is considered a bumper crop)
- very resistant to rot
- can deliver uncompromised clusters despite a long hang time.
Which grape variety has genetic research linked to Altesse ?
Chesselas (which is native to the area surrounding Lake Geneva)
Which region is Altesse believed to be native to?
Current theory is it is indigenous to Savoie.
What are the characteristics of wines produced from Altesse?
- lively acidity
- hints of honey & almond
- full-bodied
- spicy aromas
- long-lived
Which regions in France grow Altesse?
- Languedoc-Rousillon IGP
- Savoie
What are the characteristics of the Auxerrois grape variety?
- ripens to high sugar
- low acid levels
How are wines produced from Auxerrois described?
Fairly neutral
Auxerrois is a natural cross between which two grape varieties?
Pinot x Gouais Blanc
Where did the Auxerrois grape originate?
Believed to be native to Alsace-Lorraine.
Which regions in France grow the Auxerrois variety?
- Alsace
What are the characteristics of the Bourboulenc grape variety?
- vigorous variety
- requires high temperatures to ripen its clusters
What are the characteristics of wines produced from Bourboulenc?
- moderate alcohol
- high acidity
- aromas of citrus & smoke
What is the origin of the Bourboulenc variety?
It has been grown in southern France for centuries but is of unknown origin.
Which regions is Bourboulenc grown in?
- Languedoc-Rousillon
- Provence
- Rhone
Chardonnay is indigenous to which French region?
Bourgogne
Chardonnay is a natural cross between which two varieties?
Pinot x Gouais Blanc
What are the characteristics of the Chardonnay grape variety?
- achieve high sugar
- high extract levels
- often run the risk of being low acid
What are the characteristics of wines produced from Chardonnay?
Primary fruit aromas of apple & citrus with secondary & tertiary aromas of butter, nuts, ginger & nutmeg.
It is pale white to yellow gold in colour depending on age, winemaking practices and its specific terroir.
Name the synonyms of Chardonnay.
- Beaunois (Bourgogne)
- Gamay Blanc (Jura)
- Melon d’Arbois
- Melon a Queue Rouge
- Auvernat (Loire)
Which French regions is Chardonnay planted in?
- Alsace
- Beaujolais
- Bourgogne
- Champagne
- Corsica IGP
- Jura
- Languedoc-Rousillon
- Loire
- Provence
- Rhone (Diois)
- Savoie
- South-West
Where did the Chasselas variety originate?
It is believed to be native to the area surrounding Lake Geneva in Switzerland.
What are the characteristics of the Chasselas grape variety?
- boasts abundant, but inconsistent yields
- fairly neutral
- on good sites it picks up a distinctive hint of flint or smoke midst a flavor profile of hay and flowers.
Who is Victor Pulliat and what did he do with Chasselas?
He was a French ampelographer in the 1800s (1827-1896), who developed a way to categorize grape varieties based upon their ripening times. He used this Chasselas Dore as the “standard” or “baseline” for all other varieties because this grape was one of the most widely planted at that time and could be used as a reference point throughout Western Europe.
Which French regions is the Chasselas grape variety planted in?
- Alsace
- Loire
- Savoie
Which French grape variety is Chenin Blanc related to?
Savagnin Blanc
Where is the Chenin Blanc grape from?
Its origin is unknown, but research is ongoing.
It was assumed that it was native to northern France through its relation to Savagnin Blanc. However, DNA analysis has determined that it is the same grape as Agudelo, a grape said to be native to Galicia, Spain.
What are the characteristics of the Chenin Blanc grape variety?
- High-vigor
- Adaptable to different climates & soils
- Cold hardy
- Wind resistant
- Disease resistant
- Susceptible to botrytis
- High acidity
- High extract
What are some characteristics of Chenin Blanc wines?
Primary fruit aromas of peach, quince, apricot, apple and pear. Secondary aromas of clotted cream, creme fraiche and buttermilk. Tertiary aromas of ripe grain, fresh straw, marzipan and toasted nuts.
What are some other names for the Chenin Blanc grape?
- Gros Pineau (Loire)
- Pineau de la (Loire)
- Rouchelein: (South-West)
Which regions will you find plantings of Chenin Blanc?
- Languedoc-Rousillon
- Loire
- South-West
Where did Clairette originate?
Believed to be from the Herault departement of Languedoc.
What are the characteristics of the Clairette grape variety?
- Extremely vigorous
- Prefers warm, rocky, dry sites
- Prone to oxidation
What are the characteristics of Clairette wines?
High in alcohol, low in acidity, with delicate hints of apricot, apple, peach, fennel and lime coupled with aromas of acacia and hawthorn.
Where is the Clairette variety grown?
- Languedoc-Rousillon
- Provence
- Rhone
- South-West
Which grape variety is a natural crossing of Chenin Blanc x Gouais Blanc?
Colombard
Where is the Colombard variety native to?
The Charente departement in Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
What are the characteristics of the Colombard grape variety?
- Prolific producer
- Floral notes
- High acidity
- High sugar levels
Where is Colombard planted?
- Bordeaux
- Languedoc-Rousillon IGP
- Loire
- South-West
What are the characteristics of the Courbu Blanc grape variety?
- High sugar levels
- Only moderately acidic
- produces both dry & sweet wines
- Aromatic expression of grapefruit
Note: this variety is unrelated to Courbu Noir & Petit Courbu
What is another name for Courbu Blanc?
Hondarrabi Zuri (Spain)
Where is the Courbu Blanc variety planted?
- South-West
Which grape variety is Folle Blanche related to?
DNA research has shown that Gouais Blanc is one of its parents.
Where is the Folle Blanche variety native to?
This productive vine is believed to be native to South-West France.
What are the characteristics of Folle Blanche wine?
Delicately flavoured, high-acid wine with refreshing notes of citrus and green apple.
What other names is the Folle Blanche variety known by?
- Picpoul (Armagnac): not the same Picpoul of Languedoc fame.
- Gros Plant (Loire)
Where is the Folle Blanche variety grown?
- Loire
- South-West
What are the characteristics of the Gouais Blanc grape variety?
- Productive
- Big clusters
- Big berries
The Gouais Blanc grape is a parent to which varieties?
- Aligote
- Auxerrois
- Chardonnay
- Gamay Noir a Jus Blanc
- Melon de Bourgogne
- Romorantin
- Sacy
- Colombard
- Folle Blanche
- Grolleau Noir
- Arbois
- Riesling
Note: it was a dominant grape variety during the Middle Ages but is not commercially grown today.
What regions is the Gouais Blanc variety grown in?
Champagne
What are the characteristics of the Grenache Blanc grape variety?
- Vigorous
- Low to moderate acid
- Good extract
- Prone to oxidation
What are the characteristics of Grenache Blanc wines?
Fairly full-bodied white wines with low to moderate acidity. Aromas of green apple and pear fruit and white flower.
Which grape varieties is Grenache Blanc related to?
- Grenache Gris
- Grenache Noir
They all share the same DNA fingerprint with different phenotypes (outward expressions of those genes).
What other name is the Grenache Blanc variety known by?
Garnacha Blanca (Spain)
Where is the Grenache Blanc variety planted?
- Languedoc-Rousillon
- Provence
- Rhone
Where is the Gringet variety native to?
Legend says it was brought to Savoie by bishops from Cyprus, but it could be native to Savoie.
When does the Gringet variety ripen?
Mid-ripening
What are the characteristics of Gringet wines?
Floral aromatics, bright acidity and yellow plum fruit.
Which grape variety is Gros Manseng related to?
Petit Manseng is a parent.
As the names suggest, Gros Manseng has larger berries (and thinner skin) than Petit Manseng. However, the aromatics are less intense for the former.
What are the characteristics of the Gros Manseng grape variety?
- Large berries
- Thin skins
- High acid
- High sugar
What are the characteristics of Gros Manseng wines?
Wines are accentuated by citrus and spice. High acid and potentially high alcohol.
Where is the Gros Manseng variety planted?
- Languedoc-Roussillon IGP
- South-West
How vigorous is the Jacquere variety?
This prolific producer can easily deliver a crop of 6 tons/ac (100hl/ha) each year.
What are the characteristics of Jacquere wines?
Lightly perfumed, high-acid whites with hints of wildflower and citrus.
Where is the Jacquere variety planted?
Savoie
What are the characteristics of the Marsanne grape variety?
- Extremely vigorous
- Hardy
- Generous producer
- Large clusters
- Small berries
- Prefers warm, stony soils
- does well on less fertile sites
What are the characteristics of Marsanne wines?
Powerful wines with moderate acidity, high alcohol and high extract. Aromas of melon and honeysuckle that transition into marzipan and hazelnut.