Language Variation Flashcards
1
Q
Peter Trudgill
A
- Late 1960s
- People of lower economic status are more likely to use non-standard language variants
- Women are more likely to use standard language variants than men
- People are more likely to use standard language variants in formal settings
- Women are more likely to over-exaggerate their use of standard variants, and men are more likely to over-exaggerate their use of non-standard variants
2
Q
Malcolm Peyt
A
- 1985
- The lower the socio-economic status of the speaker, the more likely they are to drop the “h” sound in words
- As people move up social groups, they are more likely to adapt RP and alter their accent for conformity
3
Q
Howard Giles
A
- 1970s
- British teenagers judged the aesthetic and status values of 13 accented speakers. A prestige continuum emerged:
- Standard English
- Certain foreign accents
- Regional / national accents
- Immigrant and urban (city-based accents)
4
Q
Montgomery and Bernstein
A
Middle class people have access to ways of organising their speech which are fundamentally different to the lower classes
5
Q
John Honey
A
- Language is evolving all of the time – younger people speak in a way that is very different to the way older generation do
- “Standard English” is a class-based dialect and is therefore not used by those considered to be “lower class”
6
Q
Wilfrid Sellars
A
- In the media, RP remains the norm
- All accents are in a “state of flux”, both geographically and socially
- Accent still matters – today it is more to do with etiquette than origins
7
Q
Paul Kerswill
A
- Increased social mobility in the twentieth century has led to the downgrading of SE / RP
- SE doesn’t permit double negatives
8
Q
Foulkes and Docherty
A
Speakers tend to seek out neutral forms to avoid signalling very old or local identities
9
Q
- Late 1960s
- People of lower economic status are more likely to use non-standard language variants
- Women are more likely to use standard language variants than men
- People are more likely to use standard language variants in formal settings
- Women are more likely to over-exaggerate their use of standard variants, and men are more likely to over-exaggerate their use of non-standard variants
A
Peter Trudgill
10
Q
- 1985
- The lower the socio-economic status of the speaker, the more likely they are to drop the “h” sound in words
- As people move up social groups, they are more likely to adapt RP and alter their accent for conformity
A
Malcolm Peyt
11
Q
- 1970s
- British teenagers judged the aesthetic and status values of 13 accented speakers. A prestige continuum emerged:
- Standard English
- Certain foreign accents
- Regional / national accents
- Immigrant and urban (city-based accents)
A
Howard Giles
12
Q
Middle class people have access to ways of organising their speech which are fundamentally different to the lower classes
A
Montgomery and Bernstein
13
Q
- Language is evolving all of the time – younger people speak in a way that is very different to the way older generation do
- “Standard English” is a class-based dialect and is therefore not used by those considered to be “lower class”
A
John Honey
14
Q
- In the media, RP remains the norm
- All accents are in a “state of flux”, both geographically and socially
- Accent still matters – today it is more to do with etiquette than origins
A
Wilfrid Sellars
15
Q
- Increased social mobility in the twentieth century has led to the downgrading of SE / RP
- SE doesn’t permit double negatives
A
Paul Kerswill
