🏳️⚧️• Language & Gender: Content Flashcards
What is a patriarchy?
A system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it
What is a matriarchy?
A system of society or government in which women hold the power and men are largely excluded from it
What is misogyny?
The dislike of, or ingraned prejudice against women
What is misandry?
The dislike of, or ingraned prejudice against men
What is sexism?
Discriminating against an individual, typically against women, on the basis of their sex
What is a matronym?
A personal name or a parental name based on the given name of ones mother, grandmother, or any female relative
What is a patronym?
A personal name or a parental name based on the given name of ones father, grandfather, or any male relative
What is dominance?
Power or influence over others
What is etiquette?
The code of polite behaviour in society or among members of a particular profession or group
Give the statement and speaker that states the number of babies born that will later identify as transgender
Each day 2000 babies born that will later identify as transgender
BATYA GREENWALD
Give the statement and speaker that gave the quote ‘‘If sex is ____________ ______ ______ then gender is ____________ ______ ______’’
'’If sex is between our legs then gender is between our ears’’
BATYA GREENWALD
Who was Batya Greenwald?
Batya Greenwald is a certified teacher with more than 15 years of experience teaching elementary school and kindergarten
What do the statements given by Batya Greenwald infer about society?
That gender fluidity is increasing due to societies acceptance becoming more prominant
In previous years there were more male CEOs ____________ ______ ______ ____________ ______ ______
In previous years there were more male CEOs named John than female CEOs overall
In 20____, there are finally more female CEOs than ____________ ______ ______ ______
In 2023, there are finally more female CEOs than male CEOs named John
What is lexical asymmetry and what does it show?
(+ EXAMPLE)
Lexical asymmetry (Coined by Dale Spender) refers to words for women that often have negative or sexualized connotations compared to their male counterparts (further reinforcing gender inequality)
- E.G. Bachelor (Male) / Spinster (Female) Both refer to an older individual whom is unmarried, the male lexical item has positive connotations whereas the female equivalent has negative
- Shows a clear biased against women in language because when they are represented it is negative and belittling
What does Dale Spender describe lexical asymmetry as?
'’Man made language’‘
* He states this as the male equivalent of a lexical item such as ‘Bachelor’ is positive and reflects well on the male gender whereas it is the opposite for female lexis such as ‘Spinster’
Who was Dale Spender?
Dale Spender was an Australian feminist, scholar, teacher, writer and consultant
What other work has Dale Spender done in terms of gendered language?
Her book “Man-Made Language” (1990), A feminist study of language and its rules argues that men have shaped it in order to instill their own prejudices and viewpoints on society, and shows how male-slanted language affects all women’s lives
Gender inequality can be seen through the generic use of ‘____’ when referring to both males and females
(And what does this show?)
(+ EXAMPLES)
Gender inequality can be seen through the generic use of ‘man’ when referring to both males and females
- E.G. ‘Mankind’, ‘Fireman’, ‘Policeman’
This is an example of Linguistic Androcentrism. These labels have been seen as the standard for a long while now and classify the world on the permise that the standard human is a male - henceforth excluding women from language and society
What does Julia Stanley say about female representation in language following linguistic androcentrism as a criticism of language?
Julia Stanley said that women are not lingusitically represented in our language, she says such misrepresentation can be seen through the ease it is to think of titles that include the suffix ‘man’ compared to titles that include ‘woman’ or allude to the female gender positivley (e.g. Air Hostess has negative, inferior connotations)
Who was Julia Stanley?
Julia Stanley, a linguist, argued in her work that language reflects and reinforces societal power imbalances, particularly regarding gender, with male language often seen as the norm and female language as inferior or deficient
Give a list of 5 jobs that have a Masculine form, Feminine form and a Gender Neutral form
List 4 jobs that have standard neutral titles
- Singer
- Dentist
- Lawyer
- Doctor
What does the suffix ‘-ette’ or ‘-ess’ indicate?
+ Is the indication necessary?
(+ EXAMPLES)
The suffixes indicate a female role. By using this it draws attention to the fact that the original term is usually one only used for males and the female presence here is unusual or unnatural.
- E.G. ‘Actor’ –> ‘Actress’, ‘Waiter’ –> ‘Waitress’
The indication of a female occupation is unnecessary since there is no difference in the abilities of a male or female equivalent in the same job
How does language still foster the archaic ideology that a woman’s status is dependant on her marital status, whereas for man it is not?
Through the use of Honorifics
An honorific is a formal word or title used to show respect, such as Mr., Miss, Mrs., Ms., Dr., Prof
_____________________
- The male honorific ‘Mr’ does not mark a man’s marital status
- Whereas the honorifics for women are more varied: ‘Miss’, ‘Mrs’ or ‘Ms’ - Information about a woman’s life is revealed no what title she chooses, this shows gender bias as is it not the same for a man
What new honorific was introduced by feminists in efforts to combat the gender inequality present in the forms of address?
+ What does it show?
‘Ms’ gained attention as a feminist movement in the 1960s, eventually becoming widely accepted in the 1980s when it started to appear on passports and other official documents
- It was introduced to mirror the male honorific ‘Mr’ (Providing no mark on a marital status)
- Unfortunately the address quickly pejorated, quickly turning into an honorific that suggests that a woman is divorced, a feminist or homosexual
This shows bias against women, even the new terms they formulate in efforts to overcome inequality have been turned against them; now, to many, ‘Ms’ proves as an indicator to a failed marriage - further placing women in a negative light
Give the statistic that displays the amount of women that are victim to sexist jokes at work
(FROM WHERE?)
3/4 of women are victim to sexist jokes at work
(Urska Jez - Ted Talk on Gender Steryotypes)
Give the statistic that showcases that men are not immune to sexism at work
Over 1/2 of men reported feeling insecure due to a female colleague commenting on their appearance
(Urska Jez - Ted Talk on Gender Steryotypes)
Give 3 misogynistic Andrew Tate quotations
- ‘There is no such thing as an independent female’
- ‘When a man speaks you will listen’
- Women should ‘bear responsibility’ for sexual assualt
Who is Andrew Tate?
- British-American Influencer
- Charged on multiple occasions for rape, human trafficking and sexually exploiting women
- Self-proclaimed misogynist
Give a quote from Chloe Stanton, an English teacher from west London, about Andrew Tate’s impact on young boys
‘He’s brainwashing a generation of young boys, and it’s very frightening’
She states to the New York Times that some of the boys in her class asked her if she got her husband’s permission to work
What is an incel?
An incel (short for “involuntary celibate”) refers to someone, typically a heterosexual man, who feels unable to find romantic or sexual partners despite wanting them. Incels commonly blame and objectify women, or feminism for their lack of romantic success
What is feminism?
Feminism is the belief in, and advocacy for, Gender Equality. It aims to challenge sexism, discrimination, and traditional gender roles that disproportionately affect women
Outline the 4 Waves of Feminism
Give the quote from Phoebe Waller-Bridge about her experience with politeness as a female actor and screenwriter
Phoebe Waller-Bridge: writer of popular TV shows ‘Killing Eve’ and ‘Fleabag’
Stated she felt '’handcuffed by the expectations of politeness’‘
