Language (ch 11) pt 2

Question 1

Discourse

Answer 1

Language use at the level beyond the sentence, such as in conversation , paragraphs, stories, chapters, etc…

Question 2

5 Speech Acts

Answer 2

Representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declaration.

Question 3

Representative

Answer 3

A statement of belief (“I think NC State Bball will win”)

Question 4

Directive

Answer 4

An attempt to get the listener to do something (“Can I have a pen?”).

Question 5

Commissive

Answer 5

Committing yourself to some future course of action (ex: a guarantee or promise)

Question 6

Expressive

Answer 6

A statement regarding your psychological state (“I’m very tired & could use a break”).

Question 7

Declaration

Answer 7

The very act of making a statement brings about a new intended state of affairs (“STOP!”)

Question 8

Conversational Postulates

Answer 8

In speaking to each other, we implicitly set up a cooperative enterprise.

Question 9

Grice (1967)

Answer 9

Proposed that conversations thrive on the basis of a cooperative principle, by which we seek to communicate in ways that make it easy for our listener to understand what we mean. –> maxims for convos

Question 10

Maxim of Quantity

Answer 10

You should make your contribution as informative as required, but no more or less than is appropriate.

Question 11

Maxim of Quality

Answer 11

Your contribution to a conversation should be truthful. You are expected to say what you believe to be the case.

Question 12

Maxim of Relation

Answer 12

You should make your contributions relevant to the aims of the conversation.

Question 13

Maxim of Manner

Answer 13

You should be clear, and try to avoid obscure expressions or vague utterances.

Question 14

Language & Cognition

Answer 14

What we say, write, read, and understand also depends on what we know and how we organize what we know. Language shapes thinking! (eyewitness testimony, scripts, etc…)