Language and Speech -Martin Flashcards
What are the most common grammar sequences used in language? What is the least?
Most common: subject, verb, object. or subject, object, verb
Is the capacity for language innate or learned?
innate. there is consistency across cultures. syntax begins at 2 years
How is language studied through imaging?
A stimulated image and a control image are taken from 1 individual and the difference is the effect of language.
many individuals’ “difference” images can be combined to determine a “mean difference image”
How is lateralization of language related to handedness?
Left or mixed handed people are more likely to have right dominant hemisphere language (15% vs. 4% in right handed)
What is perfect pitch? What is commonly seen in pts with this ability?
the ability to recognize or recreate a given musical note without the benefit of a reference tone.
greater left sided planum temporale than the right. –> more area devoted to processing
How is the visual field of split-brain patients (with their corpus callosum sectioned) ?
They can only process the right visual field when on the left side of the brain (visual cortex).
They lose the ability to process the left visual field because it goes to the right visual cortex and the loss of the corpus collosum prevents the it from reaching the left sided Broca’s area
Where will split-brain patients get stereoagnosis? what is stereoagnosis?
pt will not be able to identify objects if they are touching them with their left hand–> stereoagnosis (but will be able to identify with the right hand)
this occurs because sensory information for the hands crosses in the cortex –> right hand information is processed in the left cortex and can be identified by Broca’s region
What are the roles of the ventral and dorsal auditory streams?
The ventral stream plays a general role in auditory object recognition, including perception of vocalizations and speech.
The dorsal stream pivots around inferior/posterior parietal cortex, where a quick sketch of sensory event information is compared with an efference copy of motor plans. Thus, the dorsal stream plays a general role in sensorimotor integration and control.
feedback looks ensure that we get the correct information!
How can we tell real words from non-words?
object recognition program
process the frequency of certain letter combinations after identifying the letters and comparing new stimuli to these frequently occurring letter combinations
no phonology is required
Where is sign language processed in the brain?
by the same neural structures as vocal language
usually throughout the stream of visual information and processed by Broca’s
What will result from a lesion involving the left visual cortex and the splenium of the corpus callosum? What is this called?
pt can write their thoughts but cannot read what they have written
alexia without agraphia
What is conduction aphasia? What lesions can cause conduction aphasia?
damage to the arcuate fasciculus can cause conduction aphasia (difficulty naming things but pt can still communicate)
What can cause transcortical motor aphasia?
damage to the frontal lobe anterior to Broca’s area.
What can cause transcortical sensory aphasia?
damage to the area near the junction of the parietal, temporal and frontal area
What is Global aphasia? What lesions can cause this?
damage to the temporal and frontal lobe can lead to global aphasia
loss of all ability to express themselves and their environment
