Adrenergic pharm-Pechnick

Question 1

What are the 5 steps in the life cycle of catecholamines (adrenergic transmission)?

Answer 1

1. Synthesis
2. Storage
3. Release
4. Receptor interactions
5. Termination of action

Question 2

What is the rate limiting step in the life cycle of catecholamines?

Answer 2

Tyrosine hydroxylation

Question 3

What do a1 adrenergic receptors do?

Answer 3

• Contraction (smooth muscle)

Question 4

What do B1 adrenergic receptors do?

Answer 4

• Stimulates renin release

Question 5

What do B2 adrenergic receptors do?

Answer 5

• Relaxation (smooth muscle)

- Bronchodilation

Question 6

Epinephrine

Answer 6

• Agonist at B1, B2, a1, a2
• At low doses B predominates (vasodilation)
• At high doses a1 predominates (vasoconstriction)

Question 7

Norepinephrine

Answer 7

• Agonist at a1, a2, B1

- Causes vasoconstriction

Question 8

Dopamine

Answer 8

• Agonist at D1, B1, a1, a2
• Low/med dose: increases renal blood flow
• High dose: vasoconstriction

Question 9

How do indirect acting sympathomimetics work?

Answer 9

Increase synaptic levels of neurotransmitters by inducing neurotransmitter release and/or blocking reuptake

Question 10

Amphetamine

Answer 10

• Indirect sympathomimetic

- Releases NE and blocks reuptake of NE, dopamine and serotonin

Question 11

Cocaine

Answer 11

• Indirect sympathomimetic

- Blocks reuptake of NE, dopamine and serotonin

Question 12

What is the party food effect?

Answer 12

When people who are taking MAOB inhibitors eat a “party food” (cheese, wine, sour cream, etc.) they get fatal hypertension due to tyramine in food being broken down into MAOA

Question 13

Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine

Answer 13

• Direct weak agonist at a and B receptors

- Indirectly causes release of NE

Question 14

Milodrine and Metaraminol

Answer 14

• Direct acting a1 agonists

Question 15

Phenylephrine

Answer 15

• Selective a1 agonist

Question 16

Oxymetazoline and Tetrahydrozoline

Answer 16

• Partial a2 agonist with some a1 agonist activity

- Eye drops (constrict eye vessels to decrease redness)

Question 17

Clonidine

Answer 17

• CENTRALLY ACTING (on the brain)
• Direct a2 agonist
• Inhibits sympathetic outflow
• Decreases HR, cardiac output and peripheral resistance
• Abrupt withdrawal can cause hypertensive crisis, tachycardia and arrhythmias

Question 18

Phentolamine and Phenoxybenzamine

Answer 18

• Non-selective a receptor antagonists

Question 19

Prazosin

Answer 19

• Selective a1 receptor antagonist

Question 20

Isoproterenol and Dobutamine

Answer 20

• B1/B2 receptor agonist

- Cardiac stimulants

Question 21

Albulterol and Salmeterol

Answer 21

• Selective B2 agonist

- Asthma meds

Question 22

Mirabegron

Answer 22

• B3 agonist

- Used for treatment of overactive bladder

Question 23

Propanolol, Nadolol, Carvedilol, Labetalol, Timolol and Carteolol

Answer 23

• Non-selective B antagonists

- Uses: MI, CHF, arrhythmias, migraine, anxiety

Question 24

Atenolol and Metoprolol

Answer 24

• Selective B1 antagonists