Anti-Epileptic Pharm-Kisby Flashcards
Which classes of drugs are ion channel inhibitors and openers?
- Na+ channel
- Ca2+ channel
- K+ channel
Which classes of drugs enhance GABA neurotransmission?
- GABAa receptor agonists
- GABA uptake inhibitors
- GABA transaminase inhibitors
- Glutamate decarboxylase activation
Which class of drugs reduce glutamate neurotransmission?
Glutamate receptors antagonists
Which class of drugs increase neurotransmitter release?
SV2A ligands increase release of GABA via exocytosis
Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin (COPs)
- Na+ channel inhibitors
- Block AP propagation
Valproate, Ethosuximide, Topiramate (VET)
- Ca2+ channel blockers
- Decrease excitatory neurotransmission
- Ethosuximide & Valproate (T-type)
- Topiramate (N & L-type)
Ezogabine
K+ channel opener
Benzodiazepines
Enhance GABA activity
Phenytoin, Topiramate, Levetiracetam
Inhibit Glutamate activity
Which drug is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?
Topiramate
What are the DOCs for absence seizures?
Ethosuximide (ansence ONLY) & Valproate
What are the DOCs for focal seizures?
Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine & Topiramate
What are the DOCs for generalized tonic-clonic seizures?
Topiramate & Valproate (TV)
What are the DOCs for myoclonic seizures?
Valproate, Levetiracetam (adjunctive tx) & Clonazepam (VLC)
What are the DOCs for Lennox-Gastaut seizures?
Clonazepam
Adjunctive: Topiramate, Felbamate, Valproate, Lamotrigine, Rufinamide
What is the order of tx for status epilepticus?
First line: Benzodiazepines
Second: Hydantoins & Valproate
Third: Barbituates
Fourth: IV Anesthetisa & Barbituates
Which AEDs can create a rash and exfoliation?
Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Lamotrigine & Zonisamide
What are some SEs of AEDs?
- Kidney stones (Topiramate, Zonisamide)
- Anhydrosis/heat stroke (Topiramate)
- Acute closed-angle glaucoma (Topiramate)
- Hyonatremia & increases in ALT or AST, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia (Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine)
Which AEDs are at high risk for causing Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (aka toxic epidermal necrolysis)?
Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine & Valproate
Which AEDs are teratogenic?
Carbamazepine, Barbituates, Phenytoin, Oxcarbazepine, Valproate and Topiramate
Which AEDs causes gingival hyperplasia?
Phenytoin
Which AEDs induce the metabolism of other drugs?
Carbamazepine, Phenytoin & Phenobarbital
Which AED inhibits the metabolism of other drugs?
Valproate
Which AEDs are highly protein bound?
Valproate, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Topiramate
